Pedagogical management of adaptations to training in athletes participating in a modern pentathlon

Abstract

The purpose of the present work was to investigate characteristics of adaptations to training programs with different workloads and primary direction in leading and backward events of a modern pentathlon. The second objective was to provide recommendations based on obtained data concerning organization of mesocycles with stressed microcycles during various periods of one-year cycle in pentathletes. The object of the investigation is a process of athletes’ adaptation to training in a modern pentathlon. The following methods were used: pedagogical and biomedical experiments, statistical analysis. The obtained results suggest that the presence of leading and backward aspects in athletes’ performance significantly influence functional status of physiological systems of an organism and recovery rate. Primary aerobic training significantly influence all studied characteristics comparing to preceding period (the main pedagogical goal solved by means of swimming training) (Р < 0,05). Performance tests on cycle ergometer have shown that aerobic, anaerobic and speed characteristics were decreased after complex exercise bouts. These changes were independent from the leading sport event of athletes in a modern pentathlon. However, decrease in aerobic capacities was more pronounced when athlete was not predisposed to this sport event. The aerobic and anaerobic capacities were significantly lower in athletes of both groups (the first group of athletes with leading swimming, the second group with backward swimming) (Р < 0,05) after 24 hours of recovery subsequent to exercise. After 48 hours of recovery following the intervention, all characteristics were slightly different from initial phase, but in the second group, aerobic and anaerobic capacities were decreased. After 72 hours of recovery there were no significant changes in all studied characteristics as compared with reference values (Р > 0,05). Similar results were obtained after training with the main pedagogical goal solved by means of running training but the changes were higher in this case. The study of accumulative adaptation in athletes during training in the leading and backward cyclic events (swimming and running) has shown phase of fast performance increase in the leading events 4-6 weeks (P < 0,05) and phase of slow increase while the training was concentrated in backward events (P > 0,05). Novelty of the investigation. For the first time it has been shown that leading and backward events of athletes determine short-term and accumulative adaptations to training programs in a modern pentathlon. Conclusions: In the present paper we have shown the need of training individualization in accordance with athletes’ primary predisposition to specific motion activity.

Šio darbo tikslai buvo: 1) ištirti adaptacijos prie įvairaus krūvio treniravimosi programų charakteristikas ir orientavimąsi į silpniausias ir stipriausias šiuolaikinės penkiakovės rungtis; 2) pateikti penkiakovininkams rekomendacijas, pagrįstas gautais duomenimis apie mezociklų organizavimą akcentuojant vienų metų treniruotės ciklo įvairių laikotarpių mikrociklus. Tyri-mų objektas – sportininkų adaptacija prie šiuolaikinės penkiakovės treniruotės krūvių. Buvo taikyti tokie metodai: pedagoginis ir biocheminis eksperimentai bei statistinė analizė. [...]