Protų nutekėjimas : užsienyje magistrantūros ar doktorantrūros studijas baigusiųjų reemigracijos analizė ir vertinimas

Abstract

Straipsnyje aptariami migracijos ir protų nutekėjimo teoriniai aspektai, įvardijamos priežastys, poveikis ekonomikai; pateikiama migracijos ir protų nutekėjimo iš Lietuvos analizė, aprašoma tyrimo metodika. Apibendrinami 2009 m. sausio – balandžio mėnesiais atlikto tyrimo, apie užsienyje magistrantūros ar doktorantūros studijas baigusiųjų studentų reemigraciją, rezultatai

Brain drain has been the object of much policy discussion in the global context for many years; however, in Lithuania it is a new phenomenon. The assessment of the brain drain scope in the country is not possible because of the lack of systematic data sources. Rapid globalization processes embrace more and more fields generating many economic, social, cultural, and other changes all over the world. These processes inevitably affect national labour markets, raising increasingly intensive and multidirectional labour movements. Two main tendencies stand out in the contemporary global migrations: 1) continually growing highly-skilled migration in all the flows and 2) the problem of brain drain increasingly affecting less developed countries. This phenomenon is mainly influenced by a rapid progress of science and technology that generates a steady growing demand for highly–skilled labour force in the international labour market. Contemporary Lithuanian migration as well as brain drain has been popularly interpreted as a phenomenon influenced mostly by the country‘s macroeconomic situation. One would perceive that Lithuanian emigration (particularly highly-skilled) could be stopped by the country‘s economic growth which would provide better working and living conditions. Y et, growing economy and welfare could not be perceived as the only one necessary factor to cease emigration. Attractive working and living conditions traditionally called pull factors may constantly raise emigration potential despite a speedy country‘s growth. Moreover, the causes of migration may be related to the specific country‘s characteristics and do not be dependent only on popular wage difference account. Thus it is important to assess which determinants dominate in Lithuanian students migration and what migrants are most influenced by it.[...]