Ar nėra pažeidžiama visuomenės teisė į informaciją, įgyvendinant darnaus vystymosi strategiją?
Ambrazaitienė, Aistė |
Darbe atliekamas tyrimas siekiant nustatyti ar nėra pažeidžiama visuomenės teisė į informaciją įgyvendinat darnaus vystymosi strategiją, kokiam lygyje visuomenė yra informuojama, ar ji pati šia savo teise naudojasi, koks valstybės vaidmuo, koks teisinis reguliavimas. Pirmo skyriaus esminis tikslas buvo supažindinti su darnaus vystymosi strategijos samprata, kokie strategijos tikslai ir kaip atsirado darnus vystymasis. Supažindinti su teise į informaciją plačiąja ir bendrąją prasme, kas tai yra ir ką reiškia, kokiuose nacionaliniuose ir tarptautiniuose dokumentuose teisė į informaciją yra įtvirtinta. Aptariama visuomenės sąmoningumo svarba strategijos įgyvendinimui. Antrame skyriuje analizuojamos priemonės kokios yra ir kokios naudojamos informacijos sklaidai. Kalbama tiek apie teisines ir kitokio pobūdžio priemones. Paminėti aktualūs teik nacionaliniai, tiek tarptautiniai teisės aktai, išanalizuoti nagrinėjamai temai aktualiausi straipsniai. Trečias skyrius atsako į esminius magistro darbo klausimus. Apjungiami dalykai analizuojami pirmuose dviejuose skyriuose ir padaromos išvados. Išanalizuojama grįžtamojo ryšio svarba strategijos įgyvendinimui, koks ryšys yra tarp valstybės ir visuomenės. Nustatoma, kad visuomenės teisė į informaciją nepažeidžiama, tačiau iki galo nerealizuojama. Atskleidžiama pagrindinė problematika teisės į informaciją nerealizavimas, esant nepakankamai motyvacijai, sąmoningumui ir valstybės pasyvumui šiuo klausimu. Darbo pradžioje iškelta hipotezė: Visuomenės teisė į informaciją, įgyvendinat darnaus vystymosi strategiją nėra pažeidžiama. Šią hipotezę dalinai galima patvirtini, tačiau pati visuomenė nerealizuoja savo teisės į informaciją dėl sąmoningumo stokos. Šiuo klausimu įžvelgiamas valstybės pasyvumas.
Accessibility of information, its presentation ways and the speed and insurance for it to reach the society are main factors when implementing a sustainable development strategy. The main aims of the latter are to match the environmental, economic and social development interests. The society is an integral part of the mentioned areas. By implementing sustainable development strategy, the state and the society are to act as a strong tandem in order to gain maximum results. Two important conditions for the tandem to act are dissemination of information and the consciousness of the society. By analyzing the relevancy of the topic we could notice that there is a sufficient amount of information and it is presented in a clear and understandable manner. Aarhus Convention1, the Law on a right to get information from a state and municipal institutions2, the Law on Public Information3, the environment monitoring are used as a preventive measure. The EU regulates the reception of information as well. All measures could be used in the society. Moreover, there are other spread ways to get information: the Internet (find by oneself), television (the quickest accessed mean) could be used for educational aims. In order to gain the best results the society should be motivated, conscious, interested in relevant issues and proactive. It should get all necessary information, be motivated by preventive measures (environment monitoring) and educated. We could point out a state role here. In order to implement sustainable development strategy of such scale, the role of society is necessary. The state itself is not able to implement all aims of sustainable development strategy. The society and separate individuals should be responsible, too. Dr. Doc. Linas Meškys puts in his article “A role of environment measures in considering sustainable development strategy”4 targets as follows: „ [...] this mechanism (public dissemination of information – Author’s remark) promotes a voluntary personal obedience to the requirements of the environment protection law“5. Using some preventive measures (environment monitoring) the persons could use environment-friendly measures themselves. Environment monitoring is compared to the U.S. with the programme “Toxic Release Inventory – herein - TRI). The similar and different features’ analysis has revealed that the both acts as promotion of voluntary actions as such integration avoid state power application. This Paper analyzes the actual legal acts of a national and international level, inc. the most important: Aarhus Convention, the majority of EU Directives, the Law on a right to get information from a state and municipal institutions of the Republic of Lithuania, the Law on public information of the Republic of Lithuania, the Law on environment monitoring of the Republic of Lithuania6, the Law on environment protection of the Republic of Lithuania.7 The research is conducted by analyzing legal regulation in terms of environment protection dissemination: how the society realizes and applies its rights in this area. Sustainable development is a long process for more than decades. Implementing the sustainable development strategy we should apply measures of a long-period profit despite their duration for the particular results, inc. legal measures for the society to access the information that is mandatory otherwise claimed in courts. The prerequisite is that the society is rather interested in the environmental information. Problems: a lack of consciousness in the society and a passive role of the state in developing it. In order to develop consciousness some time is necessary for the results, so imperative law application could be used here. But it remains unclear if the application will be sole or with the development of consciousness. Feedback between the society and the state. The type and manner, information is provided to the society is an important factor in implementation of the sustainable development strategy and a right to get information in general. Analysis of the legal and other measures to disseminate the information has revealed that the issues interact in order to implement the Strategy. The main issue ir promotion of social consciousness, inc., indifference for environmental issues and state‘s passive role in motivation increase. In order to get a really beneficial feedback, the following are necessary: the state motivates and informs the society duly, thus allowing it to pass decisions and gaining the result in terms of implementation of the sustainable development strategy in the environment protection. For that to act, a conscious society is to be educated. It takes time, but sustainable development strategy is a long-term process as well. So, we think that currently Lithuania lacks of social promotion. The main problem: failure to implement a right to information due to insufficient motivation and consciousness and a passive state role. The latter could be improved by promoting social activity, using actual regulation in order the society to start searching for information independently. In order to analyze information, related to block of flats, Germany and Denmark have been compared. The example has been selected earlier with no deviations. The foreign experience grounds conclusions that the participation, informing and the time to gain results are important to achieve the German and Danish level. Lithuania has chosen the same way and we expect it to achieve the same results after some long time period. Hypothesis: social right to information is not violated when implementing the sustainable development strategy is partially approved. As we conclude that the accessibility is sufficient, the legal acts are valid and could be applied, we have noticed a lack of motivation. As the society and the legal entities in particular are passive, it causes problems of the topic. The social right to information is not violated and could be implemented, but the society does not use it properly.