The way a person views something or tends to behave towards something or some-body often is defined using a term attitudes. The role of attitudes in pedagogy is especially important. In the postgraduate work “The role of educational conditions in shaping atti-tudes towards music of secondary school students” there are given findings of educational research, which analyse the influence of educational conditions in shaping attitudes to-wards music of rural secondary school students. In the first part of the work, “Features of musical education in Lithuanian rural schools” there are analysed peculiarities of the development of attitudes towards musical education in Lithuania’s rural schools, traditions of musical education at Pastrėvys, Kietaviškės and Beižonys rural schools; peculiarities of teenagers psychophysiological devel-opment and their musical education. There is also examined influence of current rural so-ciocultural environment on shaping students’ attitudes towards music; in addition there is done a research comparing conditions of musical education in rural and urban secondary schools. In the part “Developing students’ musical skills as a condition for shaping musical at-titudes” there are given findings of students’ intonation and rhythm abilities as well as de-pendence of their musical attitudes on the music abilities they posses. Purpose of this work is to examine pedagogical conditions of musical education in rural schools, to determine the influence of them on shaping musical attitudes and to give some recommendations how to improve the process of musical education. Goals of the work are: 1. Examining peculiarities of the development of attitudes towards musical education in Lithuania’s rural schools; 2. Exploring the influence of current rural sociocultural environment on shaping stu-dents’ attitudes towards music. 3. Comparing conditions of musical education in rural and urban secondary schools. 4. Examining students’ musical abilities as a condition in shaping musical attitudes. The findings have approved the hypothesis that musical education of the 5th-10th form students in large part depends on the rural sociocultural environment and on the con-tinuity of traditions in musical education, as well as on the continuity of musical process which is determinant in shaping musical attitudes. Newness of the research. The role of educational conditions in shaping attitudes to-wards music teaching secondary school students is not analysed before; nevertheless it is an important pedagogical issue. Theoretical and practical analyses of the situation may let us have a deeper look at the shaping of musical attitudes teaching rural students, which largely depends on educational conditions. This could be an answer to the question how to improve the process of teaching musical subjects retaining musical education as on of the values for a student. Practical importance. The observations done during the research allow seeing the significance of educational conditions in shaping rural students’ attitudes towards music. The improvement of musical practice and making it closer to the musical experience rural students have is one of the condition for shaping musical attitudes in a more efficient way.