Les sons du français et du lituanien : analyse comparée des traits articulatoires en vue de l’enseignement du lituanien aux francophones

Abstract

Straipsnyje analizuojami lietuvių ir prancūzų kalbų garsų skirtumai. Tokia analizė aktuali, nes a) nėra nuoseklaus atitikimo tarp rašytinės ir sakytinės kalbos, net ir lietuvių kalboje, kuri turi gana jauną rašytinę kalbą, b) tarptautinė fonetinė abėcėlė ne visada gerai atspindi garsų tarimo skirtumus, c) garsų gretinimas suteikia galimybę besimokančiajam pastebėtisvarbiausias ypatybes. Analizė rodo, kad abi sistemos turi reikšmingų skirtumų: daugelis garsų nesutampa. Tačiau skirtumai dažnai yra nedideli ir susiję su ortoepija. Atkreiptinas dėmesys į ilgųjų ir trumpųjų balsių trukmės ir kokybinių požymių skirtumus bei grafemų santykį su garsais. Iš priebalsių tarimo aspektuproblemiški yra [l̪], [r, rj], [x, ɣ]. Juos tartireikia pasimokyti atskirai

The aim of this article is to analyze the differences between Lithuanian and French sounds and to provide a general outlook of the Lithuanian articulatory phonetics mainly intended for French speakers. Such a comparative analysis is relevant because (a) there is no consistent equivalent between written and spoken language, even in Lithuanian, which has a relatively young written language, (b) the international phonetic alphabet does not always accurately reflect differences in pronunciation, (c)thecontrastive perspective helps learners to focus on differences that could be unnoticed. Besides the articulatory aspects, the orthographic issues where the spoken form cannot be directly deduced from the written form by a simple relation from grapheme to sound but depends on the graphemic context (mainly related to some assimilation processes) are given a special attention. The questions that remain controversial between Lithuanian phoneticians (such as the retroflex status of thephonetic counterparts of and ) are also mentioned. The comparative analysis shows that the two systems exhibit significant differences: most sounds are not shared. Nevertheless, differences are often slight, so that it is more an issue of orthoepics. Attention should be paid to the differences in the duration and qualitative characteristics of long and short vowels and the relation of graphemes to sounds. From the point of view of consonants, [l̪], [r, rj], [x, ɣ] are problematic, their pronunciation must be learned separately. The pronunciation of palatalized consonants as simple consonants, and not as clusters with [j] as the second element, is also challenging for French speakers