Lietuvos šeimos teisės raida 1990–2000 m.: etapai, problemos

Abstract

traipsnyje apžvelgiama XX a. paskutiniojo dešimtmečio Lietuvos šeimos teisės idėjų raida, politiniai, ekonominiai, socialiniai ir psichologiniai veiksniai, lėmę civilinę teisėkūrą. Nagrinėjamas santuokos ir šeimos kodekso kūrimo procesas, priėmus Lietuvos respublikos Konstituciją. aptariami šeimos teisėkūros politikoje vykę kokybiniai persilaužimo metai, pereinant į naują šeimos teisės raidos etapą. akcentuojamos įstatymų leidėjų pastangas tobulinti šeimos teisės modelį. tyrimo medžiaga sisteminama pagal esmingiausius santuokos ir šeimos kodekso rengėjų veiklos etapus. analizuojamos iškilusios alternatyvios idėjos, kurios paskutiniame variante išsikristalizavo į civilinio kodekso trečiosios knygos – „Šeimos teisė“ – modelį. daroma išvada, kad tiriamo laikotarpio pabaigoje Lietuva galutinai atsikratė tarybiniais metais egzistavusios socialistinės šeimos teisės doktrinos ir kartu įsitvirtino europinės šeimos teisės kultūros terpėje.

The development of Lithuanian legislation on family during the last decade of the 20th century is analyzed in the article from the historical perspective as well as the process of creating of marriage and civil code. After the reinstatement of the independence of Lithuania there emerged a necessity to change the entire system of the soviet law, including the Law on Family. In fact, the social family law could not have been adopted or readopted mechanically mainly due to the principal economic, social and ideological differences and a different policy implemented by the reinstated republic of the Lithuania. The first steps in changing the Lithuanian family law were done on 11th of March, 1990, after Basic law was adopted, but the fundamentals of the modern family law system were established after the constitution of the republic of Lithuania was adopted by referendum on 25th of October, 1992. Articles 38 and 39 of the constitution consolidated general principles and values of the family law as well as the new quality stage of legal regulation of family relations presenting favorable conditions for creation of rules of the legislation on family. The reform of the family law, which took place during the examined period, not only had to ensure the succession of the national family law but also the adoption of the Western experience proved by life practice. The aim was to absorb and suitably invoke the international legislation related to the family law. Nevertheless, the first attention was paid to the attempts of Lithuanian law makers to improve the family related legislative model. The material of the research was structured according to the three most general stages of work groups and their supervisors acting on preparation of the Marriage and Family code: the first stage (1990–1993) – supervisor Prof. P. Rasimavičius; the second stage (1993–1996) – supervisor lawyer K. Lipeika; and the third stage (1997–1998) – supervisor V. Aleknaitė - Abramikienė, a member of the Seimas. The work on the code was carried out following the principles of succession and adoption as well as the historical practice of Lithuania within the European traditions [...].