Plėšimo samprata XVIII amžiaus Vilniaus pavieto bajorų bylose: terminologijos, ryšių su kitais nusikaltimais ir erdvės klausimai

Abstract

Darbe nagrinėjama plėšimo problematika XVIII amžiaus Vilniaus pavieto bajorų bylose. Tiriami terminologijos, ryšių su kitais nusikaltimais ir erdvės klausimai. Plėšimo nusikaltimas tiek teisės moksle, tiek teisės istorijos veikaluose dažnai kvalifikuojamas ir traktuojamas itin įvairiai, skiriasi Vakarų ir Rytų bei Vidurio Europos autorių interpretacijos. Pagrindiniais straipsnio šaltiniais tapo Lietuvos Statutas ir jo komentatorių darbai bei Vilniaus pavieto pilies teismo knygos. Straipsnis interdisciplininis, nagrinėjantis tiek teisinius, tiek istorinius plėšimo aspektus

Robbery was one of the most widely spread crimes in the past and it is one of the most commonplace crimes in the contemporary epoch. It is mentioned in the majority of works on the history of crime; it is often categorised as a separate type of crime. Robbery is usually attributed to property crimes. Different attribution criteria are determined by the legal framework of the country under analysis and different approaches to investigation. Road (sometimes the great road) and street robbery in the urban space are often singled out in the western historiography. The crime of robbery was a usual, though hardly very common, crime in the nobility cases of Vilnius district. The Statute of Lithuania mentions the crime of robbery as a crime of higher degree of violence, a pre-plotted crime rendering more severe consequences as well as plundering as a crime of deprivation of property of lesser scope. It is hardly possible to separate between the two crimes during the research because the criteria specifying the differences are not explicitly singled out in the Legal Code of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In the law of the 18th century robbery belonged to the group of the most important crimes; according to the Statute of Lithuania, they carried capital punishment. The judgements passed in the courts of Vilnius district occasionally treated criminal offences during which property was seized by compulsion or threatening as murder or theft. It is highlighted in the Statute of Lithuania that robbery was a crime committed on the road. However, property was not only seized by compulsion on the road but also in other spaces (forest, meadow, saloon, houses or manors). We can hardly omit the cases of criminal offences of such type in order to know robbery as a social phenomenon