Kūrybiškumo samprata įvairiose psichologinėse teorijose

Abstract

The various branches of psychology have different views to creativity. The conception of creativity in different theories is very wide because of different views of human experience influenced their theories of creativity. The concept of creativeness and the concept of healthy, self-actualizing, fully-human person seem to be very close in humanistic psychology. According A. Maslow (1959) creativity is essential to growth as the individual learns, and adapts to his environment. A. Maslow describes creativity in three categories: primary creativity, secondary creativity, and integrated creativity. Gestalt psychology deals with the perception of "wholes". In the process of learning the most important thing is to discover something for yourself. The psychoanalysis proposes that creativity wells up from unconscious drives. S. Freud takes a pathological view of the creative process. The great similarity between neurosis and creativity was mentioned too (Brabant, 1994). Most creativity theories see creativity as a process through which the individual finds relationship with the environment. For humanistic and gestalt psychology the creativity is a sign of health; for psychoanalysis creativity is a sign of neurosis (Berquist, 2002).