Valstybės perversmo ir jo padarinių Lietuvoje interpretacijos Švedijos diplomatų aplinkoje (1926-1936)
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2013 |
Šio straipsnio tikslas - išnagrinėti ir apibūdinti Švedijos diplomatijos laikyseną ir požiūrį į 1926 m. gruodžio 17 d. valstybės perversmą; Lietuvoje, jo padarinius Lietuvos vidaus raidai ir tarptautiniams santykiams. Tikslui pasiekti buvo tirti ir panaudoti Švedijos valstybės archyvo (Riksarkivet) Užsienio reikalų ministerijos ir Švedijos pasiuntinybės Kaune fonduose sukaupti diplomatinio susirašinėjimo dokumentai. Šie dokumentai yra pirmą kartą plačiau pristatomi lietuviškoje istoriografijoje. Taip pat panaudotos 1926-1927 m. švediskos periodinės spaudos publikacijos. Šis straipsnis yra gerokai išplėsta ir papildyta anksčiau kultūrinėje spaudoje pasirodžiusio straipsnio versija.
However, the liquidation of the diarchy in the authoritarian government of Lithuania and some later events allowed the Swedish diplomacy to note the stabilization of the authoritarian regime in Lithuania in the 1930s.
The aim of this study is to investigate and characterize the stance of Sweden's diplomacy and the attitudes of Swedish envoys in the Baltic States towards the coup d'etat of 17 December 1926 in Lithuania, as well as its consequences for the development (sustainability) of Lithuania's stateood. The coup d'etat itself was held to be a purely internal matter of Lithuania, but Sweden's diplomats, especially its consul in Kaunas, carefully collected information about the process, its eading figures and other circumstances. Swedish diplomats saw themselves as a major force in the circles of militaries and interpreted the new ruling regime in Lithuania as a kind of military dictatorship, even if changes in Lithuania's government after the coup were formally legalized. Swedish envoys expressed concerns that the overthrow of the democratic regime with the help of military forces made the Lithuanian government dependent upon the army (or, more precisely, on the military leadership- a corps of the officers) and consequendy exposed to a constant threat of repeated coups. This put Lithuania in an unstable position as regards its internal as well as its foreign affairs. In the opinion of the Swedish diplomats, this did not favour Lithuania's standing in the international community of sovereign states. The Swedish envoys gathered and analyzed all the available information about the eventual new coups and their potential leaders in Lithuania, especially from the ranks of higher military officers. Various Swedish diplomats surmised that a person in the position of the minister of defense could be the most serious rival of the current prime minister or even the president. This conjecture was well-grounded as the information that had been collected was very derailed and reliable. The rise of Antanas Smetana as the sole real governor of Lithuania and the removal of Augustinas Voldemaras from the office of the prime minister were unexpected for the Swedish observers.