Lietuvos ir Italijos kultūriniai ryšiai 1922 - 1940 metais

Abstract

Lithuania and Italy relationships in 1922– 1940 years SUMMARY Nazi movement gained in popularity not only in Italy, but it became popular in other countries. Were Nazi cultural ideas interesting and near to Lithuania? For the attainment of answering to this question, I reached to find out and evaluate Nazi Italy and Lithuanian cultural life spread in Lithuanian and Italian societies. The subject of my work – Italian and Lithuanian cultural life. Work purpose – reach to find out and evaluate Nazi Italy and Lithuanian cultural propaganda spread in Lithuanian and Italian societies. I referred sparse historiography material, which established Italian cultural life features during writing this work. Furthermore I used two source groups. 1) Archival, manuscript material; 2) periodicals of the days. I put in to work descriptive, material analyzes-synthesis, comparative and statistics method, which let systematize and summing-up data analysis. Research and material analysis let make these conclusions: 1. Lithuanian international recognition determined relations with Italy. Italy and Lithuania had not only political but also miscellaneous cultural, artistic relations. They were very active in the thirties. 2. Interest in not only political but also cultural Lithuanian problems determined that in third-fourth decade of XX century Italian books were printed about Lithuanian art, memoirs about Balts language, Lithuanian geography, and also comprehensive information about Lithuania in Italian encyclopedias and manuals. 3. In 1938 was organized Italian exhibition in Lithuania. The painters – members of the Nazi artist syndicate did not propagate ideas of nazi regime, but presented Italian landscape art works, that exhibited apolitical Italian view. 4. Lithuanians were invited participate in six Italian art and science exhibitions. One of the biggest exhibitions was World catholic press exhibition. In this exhibition Lithuanian representatives were between 116 participants. They had possibility represent, introduce with out-of-the-way state culture, periodical press. 5. “Lithuanian-Italian association” was found in 1936. It existed till 1940. This association worked intensively: The propagation of Italian culture in Lithuania, organization of art exhibitions; book exchanging and tee-meetings were as rally means. 6. Academies were founded late, so students come for studies in foreign countries. Lithuanian students studied music, engineering and architecture, seafaring and military specialty in Italy too. Unfortunately, it is hard to find exact quantity of Lithuanian students in Italy, as archival data is very poor. 7. Tourist and youth camp organization intensified in XX fourth decade. Italians organized one trip to Lithuania, it was very poor organized. Lithuanians went to on an expedition 3 times. The aim of these expeditions was to visit Italian showplaces. Italian journalists had big influence on presenting the information about events in Lithuania and trips to Lithuania. Young people formed the organization “Jaunoji Lietuva”, interacting with Nazi Italian young people in Mussolini camps, represented Lithuania and it’s symbolic: Vytis, tricolor, hymn, amber. 8. Contemporary society understood the meaning of implementing the cinema, which had influence to human consciousness. Lithuanian embassy in Italy send propaganda Italian films for youth education, training and, of course, artistic films which were showed in cinemas and school halls. 9. Lithuanian cultural life topicality in Italy were propagated by: firstly, Lithuanian students (especially by Zenonas Blynas) which studied in Italy. Secondly, Italian scientists, whose subject of the research was Lithuania and culture: geographer doc. Elio Migliorini, Eltas correspondent in Rome prof. Giuseppe Salvatori, lecture and singer Oreste Marini, Italian language lecture, polyglot Giacomo Devote, priest prof. Nicola Turchi. Thirdly, people from ‘Lithuanian-Italian association”. Their activity and philosophy was close to catholic Italian nation, which was the cradle of culture and history.