Ar LR BK esantis teisinis reguliavimas užtikrina asmens teisę į privatumą tapatybės vagysčių elektroninėje erdvėje atvejais?
Vitkauskas, Vytenis |
Žmonių privatumas yra labai svarbi vertybė norint turėti pilnavertį asmeninį gyvenimą, todėl jis yra pripažįstamas kaip fundamentali žmogaus teisė ir yra saugomas tiek įvairių valstybių nacionaliniuose įstatymuose, tiek ir tarptautinėse ar regioninėse sutartyse. Tačiau dėl nuolat besikeičiančių ir tobulėjančių informacinių technologijų, atsirado naujų, iki tol nebūtų grėsmių žmonių privatumui. Kaip vieną iš jų, galima išskirti asmens tapatybės vagystes elektroninėje erdvėje. Hipotezė: LR BK esantis teisinis reguliavimas neužtikrina asmens teisės į privatumą tapatybės vagysčių elektroninėje erdvėje atvejais. Objektas: asmens teisė į privatumą esant tapatybės vagystei elektroninėje erdvėje. Tikslas: Pagrindinis baigiamojo magistrinio darbo tikslas yra vadovaujantis tarptautiniais ir regioniniais teisės aktais, Lietuvos bei užsienio šalių įstatymais ištirti ar LR BK esantis teisinis reguliavimas užtikrina asmens teisę į privatumą tapatybės vagysčių elektroninėje erdvėje atvejais. Norint pasiekti šį darbo tikslą, yra keliami tokie uždaviniai: 1) apibrėžti kaip yra suprantama asmens teisė į privatumą ir tapatybės vagystė elektroninėje erdvėje; 2) aptarti teisinį reguliavimą skirtą kovai su tapatybės vagystėmis elektroninėje erdvėje, išskiriant siūlomas priemones šių veikų plitimui stabdyti, svarbiausius tarptautinius ir regioninius dokumentus bei pasirinktos valstybės teisinį reguliavimą; 3) aptarti tapatybės vagysčių teisinį reguliavimą Lietuvoje.
The topic of this work is: if the legal regulation in the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania protects individuals' rights to privacy in cases of identity theft in electronic space? Hypothesis: Current Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania does not ensure individual’s right to privacy in case of identity theft in electronic space. Object: individual’s right to privacy in case of identity theft in electronic space. Purpose: The main aim of Master’s degree paper is to research if the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania does not breach the individual’s rights to privacy in cases of identity theft in electronic space according to international and national Criminal code. The main goals of this master‘s work are: 1) To define how individual‘s right to privacy and identity shelf are understood in electronic space; 2) Analyse national and international documents of judicial regulations to fight against identity thefts in electronic space, emphasysing special actions to prevent these criminal actions. 3) Analyse juridical regulation of identity thefts in Lithuania People’s privacy is a very important value, therefore in order to have personal life it has to be protected by national laws and international treaties. However, due to changing and improving IT new threats to people’s privacy have appeared. One of them is individual’s identity theft in electronic space. Electronic space can create opportunities for new criminal activities. People’s activities in electronic space is the cause of different criminal offences which can interfere with individual’s privacy. The right to privacy which can be linked to personal rights was established in the XXth. century, but the very beginning of this current privacy concept was announced in 1890 by Samuel D. Warren and Louis D. Brandeis in the article “The Right to privacy” . An individual’s right to privacy is guaranteed by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The right to have a private life is entitled by the Criminal Code of Lithuania and protected by Constitution. Thus, on the ground of the law and other judicial documents analysis it can be claimed that the right to privacy is independent right which has formed quite recently and is protected both on international and national level. Privacy is close by Connected with the safety and security of personal data. By identity thefts, it is easy, to infringe on personal data and privacy, so it is very essential to comprehend what identity theft in electronic space is. Identity thefts can be performed both in physical and electronic space. Yet then before the original information technologies, identity thefts were performed with the help of various methods. With the improvement of IT and their widespread usage in electronic space brought some changes to criminals’ behavior because some specific for electronic space deeds appeared. Talking about the usage of the identity theft conception, in reality, sometimes there are problems in using it, because different countries have different approach to these deeds and their qualifying also differs. The performing of identity theft can be linked with the interception of the identifying information of the other person with the purpose to deceive him. Due to complexity of the problem of identity theft there are different approaches to solving it, therefore the issue of law enforcement has been raised recently. It is becoming more and more important to protect personal data by introducing juridical regulations, such as European Union Treaty and the Convention as the main international law enforcement fighting against the sft identity in electronic space. After analyzing scientific literature and some of EU law regulation, it can be concluded that different countries have different approaches identity theft in electronic space among which only the USA criminalize such activities. However, penalties for identity theft in other countries vary from fraud, terrorism, deception to different national law violations. Cybercrimes are common in Lithuania as well, but they are not criminalized, they fall into different exceptions related to illegal access to personal data, falsification, breaching of intellectual property and consequently and individual can carry different penalties. However, according to the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania some elements of identity theft are treated as dangerous activities.