Ar narkotikų vartojimo ir susijusių veikų (įgijimo ir laikymo) kriminalizavimas nepažeidžia asmens teisės į privatumą?
Mauricaitė, Modesta |
Visuomenės sveikata ir jos gerovė yra svarbiausia vertybė saugoma tarptautinių ir nacionalinių įstatymų ir kitų teisės aktų, kuriuose numatytas baudimas už neteisėtų narkotikų vartojimą ir su tuo susijusių veikų. Tuo tarpu, demokratinės valstybės pareiga garantuoti žmogaus teises ir laisves, kad jų niekas nepažeistų. Problema iškyla tada, kai siekiant efektyviai kovoti ir užkirsti kelią su narkotikais susijusiems nusikaltimams bei apsaugoti visuomenės sveikatą ir jos gerovę yra peržengiamos asmens teisės į privatumą ribos. Darbo tikslas- atsakyti į klausimą ar narkotikų vartojimo ir susijusių veikų (įgijimo ir laikymo) kriminalizavimas asmeniniams poreikiams nepažeidžia asmens teisės į privatumą? Darbe keliami uždaviniai: 1. Atlikti narkotikų vartojimo ir susijusių veikų (įgijimo ir laikymo) kriminalizavimo asmeniniams poreikiams teorinį teisinį reglamentavimą; 2. Ištirti narkotikų vartojimo ir susijusių veikų (įgijimo ir laikymo) kriminalizavimą tarptautiniu ir nacionaliniu lygiu; 3. Išnagrinėti teisės į privatumą principo turinį, jo sudėtinius elementus ir ribas; 4. Išanalizuoti asmens teisės į privatumą ribojimo pagrindus ir kriterijus neteisėto narkotikų vartojimo ir susijusių veikų (įgijimo ir laikymo) asmeniniams poreikiams santykyje; 5. Apibendrinti ir įvertinti narkotikų vartojimo ir susijusių veikų (įgijimo ir laikymo) kriminalizavimo perspektyvas, pateikiant rekomendacijas. Darbe keliama hipotezė nepasitvirtino. Išanalizavus tarptautinius ir nacionalinius įstatymus ir kitus teisės aktus, mokslinės literatūros šaltinius ir teismų jurisprudenciją bei įvertinus esamą situaciją, darytina išvada, kad neteisėto narkotikų vartojimo ir susijusių veikų (įgijimo ir laikymo) asmeniniams poreikiams kriminalizavimas nepažeidžia asmens teisės į privatumą, remiantis teisės privatumo ribojimo pagrindais ir jų kriterijais.
The health and prosperity of the community is the most important value that is guarded by international and national laws and legislation, where the punishment for illegal drug use and related activities is provided. Meanwhile, the duty of a democratic republic is to ensure a person’s rights and freedoms, so that no one would violate them. The problem arises when seeking to effectively fight with and prevent drug related crimes and to protect the health of the community and its prosperity the confines of a person’s right to privacy are crossed. In the first part of this work analyses legal theoretical aspects of criminalization regulation of personal drug use and related activities (acquisition and possession) set out in all three United Nations (hereinafter – UN) Conventions. This part also reveals how the member states apply the general principles and minimal requirements set out by UN Conventions when performing the criminalization analysis of personal drug use and related activities (acquisition and possession) on the international and national level. In the second part of this work is dedicated to the analysis of the role that legal democratic state plays in the analysis of the relation between the right to privacy and criminalization of personal drug use and related activities (acquisition and possession). One of the elements of the right to privacy to be explained in this part is autonomy, which will be analysed through a philosophical, medical and legal perspective. Also, is shown how implementation of the individual's right to privacy in democratic state. In the third part of this work reviews the regulation of limiting causes and criteria of right to privacy. The legitimacy of the criteria of limitation on right to privacy, legitimate aims (purposes), necessity and proportionality are analysed in the context of criminalization of personal drug use and related activities (acquisition and possession). The relevancy of this work is that the criminalization of personal drug use and related activities (acquisition and possession), in relation to human rights, has not yet been studied and analysed on the scientific level on neither the national, nor the international level. However, recently it has caused many discussions on the execution of an effective drug control policy and its discrepancy of non-implementation and the negative influence done on the essential human rights and freedoms. Furthermore, the relevance of this theme is proven by the fact that an extraordinary meeting of the United Nations Human Rights Office, which took place in May 5th 2015 in Geneva, when it was planned for May 2016, was called. The meeting took place, because implementation and realisation of an anti-drug policy on both the national and the international level, poses a major threat to human rights. Therefore, it is relevant to research whether the criminalisation of personal drug use and all related activities (acquisition and possession) does not violate one of the inherent human rights – a person’s right to privacy. The essential issues of this work are becoming clear on both the national and the international level. Because while seeking an effective implementation and realisation of an anti-drug policy, a problem arises between the community’s right to be safe and the person’s right to privacy and the issue of determining the relation of the mentioned rights, when investigating the criminalisation of personal drug use and related activities (acquisition and possession). The novelty of the theme reveals itself when evaluating the criminality of illegal personal drug acquisition, possession and use in the context of human rights. Therefore, while seeking to research the influence of criminalisation of drug use and related activities (acquisition and possession) on the assurance of a person’s right to privacy, it is important to conduct an analysis on Lithuanian and foreign country laws and legislation, scientific literature sources and case law. The purpose of this work is to answer the question does criminalisation of personal drug use and related activities (acquisition and possession) violate a person’s right to privacy? The issues raised in the work: 1. To make a theoretical legal regulation for the criminalisation of personal drug use and related activities (acquisition and possession); 2. To investigate the criminalisation of personal drug use and related activities (acquisition and possession) on an international and national level; 3. To investigate the contents of the principle of the right to privacy, its components and confines; 4. To investigate the fundamentals and criteria of limiting a person’s right to privacy, in relation to the illegal drug of personal use and related activities (acquisition and possession); 5. To sum up and evaluate the perspectives of the criminalisation of personal drug use and related activities (acquisition and possession), while giving recommendations. The hypothesis raised in the work did not confirm itself. After analysing the international and national laws and legislation, scientific literature sources and judicial jurisprudence and evaluating the prevalent situation, a conclusion can be made that the criminalisation of personal drug use and related activities (acquisition and possession) does not violate a person’s right to privacy in accordance with the fundamentals and criteria of the limitation of the right of privacy.