| Abstract: | War and conflict is one of the biggest challenges which mankind has tried to address. After two World Wars and a Cold War the international community is still trying to find a way to create a world of peace and stability. Peacekeeping is a tool which the United Nations Security Council uses in order to try and bring about this peace. Peacekeeping is an interesting concept because it essentially uses soldiers, who for all intents and purposes are trained to create war and are used to stop it. For this reason, peacekeeping is labelled as not being a soldier's job, but it seems only soldiers can do it. In order to therefore create soldiers who are able to adjust to peacekeeping and to the demands peacekeeping imposes on soldiers special training needs to be conducted. Since the UN is the IO which oversees peacekeeping, the responsibility of producing training material has fallen upon it. This is outlined in the 1995 General Assembly Resolution, A/RES/49/37.
This study has aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the training material which has been created as a result of this resolution. In the process of this study it was discovered that this subject of research is not very popular and does not have much existing material but does however have other research data which can be used to create a foundation for future research. This is done by firstly providing a context for the subject matter and explaining the methodology of the research. Then the training policies are identified, and one was chosen to represent the entire training policy. The training lesson chosen was "Stress Management" and the reason for this is that from the identified material which already exists, the psychological effects of peacekeeping on peacekeepers is the most compatible. Furthermore, the study investigated in great detail what peacekeepers have to deal with because of peacekeeping and how this affects them. Likewise, it was important to identify who is the best candidate to become a peacekeeper as well as which units best fit this work. Finally, a comparison was made between the training material analysed and the effects of peacekeeping on peacekeepers where the final conclusion showed that the current training material is not sufficient in preparing peacekeepers for their duties. This was mainly due to the limitations of the lessons such as the time duration of a lesson, the sheer number of training lessons available with little guidance as to what is most relevant and the fact that much of the training material was not accessible for analysis.
This study also produced its own data on the effectiveness of UN training policies. The data was collected through an online questionnaire and has thirty-six (36) participants of a variety of ranks and roles most of which were based within the UN mission in Cyprus. Through comparing this data together with taking the conclusion made in the reset of the paper it has been identified that many of the peacekeepers do not receive the right training if any training at all before they are deployed. In addition, evidence presented shows that current UN peacekeeping training material is not adequately preparing peacekeepers.
Karas ir konfliktai yra vienas didžiausių iššūkių, kuriuos žmonija bandė spręsti. Po dviejų pasaulinių karų ir šaltojo karo tarptautinė bendruomenė vis dar bando rasti būdą, kaip sukurti taiką ir stabilumą. Taikos palaikymas yra priemonė, kurią naudoja Jungtinių Tautų Saugumo Taryba, siekdama išlaikyti taiką.
Taikos palaikymas yra įdomi koncepcija, nes jai įgyvendinti yra reikalingi kariai, kurie, nors buvo rengiami karui, turi jį sustabdyti. Dėl šios priežasties taikos palaikymas yra ne kareivio darbas, bet tik kariai gali tai padaryti. Todėl norint parengti karius, galinčius sėkmingai vykdyti taikos palaikymo operacijas, reikalingi specialūs mokymai. Kadangi JT yra taikos palaikymo organizacija, kuri prižiūri taikos palaikymą ir ją apibrėžia, atsakomybė už karių rengimą taikos palaikymo operacijoms tenka jai. Tai išdėstyta 1995 m. JT Generalinės asamblėjos rezoliucijoje A / RES / 49/37. Šiame tyrime siekiama ištirti karių rengimo taikos palaikymo operacijoms medžiagos, sukurtos dėl šios rezoliucijos, veiksmingumą. Šio tyrimo metu nustatyta, kad šis tyrimo objektas nėra plačiai nagrinėtas mokslininkų. Vis dėlto yra kitų duomenų, kurie gali būti naudojami kuriant pagrindą būsimiems tyrimams. Pirmiausia, tai daroma pateikiant temos kontekstą ir paaiškinant tyrimo metodiką. Tada identifikuojami JT karių rengimo taikos palaikymo misijoms principai. Detalesniam nagrinėjimui autorius pasirinko pamoką "Streso valdymas", nes psichologinis poveikis yra labai reikšmingas taikdarių rengimui. Galiausiai buvo palyginta analizuojama mokomoji medžiaga ir taikos palaikymo pasekmės taikdariams. Buvo padaryta išvada, kad dabartinė mokymo medžiaga yra nepakankama rengiant taikos palaikymo pareigūnus dėl mokymų apribojimų tokių kaip pamokų trukmė. Šiame tyrime taip pat buvo naudojami autoriaus surinkti pirminiai duomenys apie JT mokymo politikos veiksmingumą. Autorius apklausė 36 respondentus, kurie turi patirties taikos palaikymo misijose. Remiantis surinktais duomenimis nustatyta, kad daugelis taikos palaikymo tarnybų negauna tinkamo parengimo. |
