| Abstract: | Darnus vystymasis yra tarptautinis aplinkosaugos principas. Principas savyje talpina trijų svarbiausių interesų apsaugą – aplinkos apsaugos, socialinės bei ekonominės plėtros. Pagrindinė principo idėja yra skatinti dabartinių kartų darnią plėtrą, užtikrinant ateities kartų interesus. Lietuvos Respublika pasirašydama tarptautinius dokumentus, tokius kaip Rio deklaracija, Johanesburgo darnaus vystymosi deklaracija ir kt., įsipareigojo užtikrinti, kad darnaus vystymosi principas bus užtikrinamas nacionaliniu valstybės reguliavimo lygmeniu. Taip pat užtikrinti darnų vystymąsi valstybės viduje Lietuvos Respubliką įpareigoja ir Europos Sąjunga. Nuo įsipareigojimų prisiėmimo praėjo laiko, buvo priimta nemažai teisės aktų, nukreiptų į darnaus vystymosi įgyvendinimą, todėl svarbu atlikti tyrimą ir atsakyti į klausimą, ar darnaus vystymosi principo įgyvendinimas yra užtikrinamas Lietuvos Respublikos aplinkos apsaugos teisės reguliavimu.
Pirmojoje darbo dalyje, remiantis moksline literatūra, teisės aktais, nacionaliniais ir tarptautiniais dokumentais pristatoma visa darnaus vystymosi principo koncepcija. Skyriuje analizuojama principo kilmė, istorinė raida bei plėtra, sąvokos reikšmė ir prigimtis, principo idėjos pagrindinė mintis ir interesų ribos.
Antrojoje darbo dalyje, remiantis moksline literatūra, trumpai pristatoma Lietuvos Respublikoje veikianti aplinkos apsaugos teisės sistemos struktūra ir, remiantis tarptautiniais dokumentais moksline literatūra bei teismų praktika, analizuojamas darnaus vystymosi principo įgyvendinimas aplinkos apsaugos teisės bendrosios dalies svarbiausiuose teisės aktuose.
Trečiojoje darbo dalyje, remiantis moksline literatūra, trumpai pristatoma specialiosios aplinkos apsaugos teisės dalies reikšmė visame aplinkosaugos teisiniame reguliavime Lietuvos Respublikoje. Taip pat analizuojant atliekamas tyrimas, ar aplinkosaugos teisės sistemos specialiosios dalies pagrindiniuose ir svarbiausiuose įstatymuose yra įtvirtintas darnaus vystymosi principo įgyvendinimas.
Antrojoje ir trečiojoje darbo dalyje vietomis atliekamas teisinio reguliavimo ir teisės aktų palyginimas su užsienio valstybių, tokių kaip Vokietijos Federacinė Respublika, Danijos Karalystė ir Švedijos Karalystė, teise.
Atlikus analizę paaiškėjo, kad darnaus vystymosi principas Lietuvos Respublikos aplinkosaugos teisiniame reguliavime yra užtikrinamas tik iš dalies. Teisės aktuose yra matomas siekis įgyvendinti darnaus vystymosi principo užtikrinimą, skiriamas dėmesys šiam tikslui, tačiau tai daroma neproporcingai darnaus vystymosi komponentų atžvilgiu, teisės aktuose interesų apsauga užtikrinama nevienodai, neproporcingai, trūksta sistemiškumo ir aiškumo.
Darbo pabaigoje pateikiamos išvados. Baigiamojo darbo priedų nėra.
Sustainable development is international environmental principle. The principle itself contains protection of the three most important interests – environmental, social and economic development. The main idea of the principle is to promote sustainable development of current generations, ensuring interests of future generations. By signing international documents, such as the Rio declaration, the Johannesburg declaration on sustainable development etc., the Republic of Lithuania undertook to ensure that the principle of sustainable development will be ensured at the level of national governmental regulation. Also, the European Union commits the Republic of Lithuania to ensure internal sustainable development. Some legal acts directed towards implementation of sustainable development have been adopted since the day of taken obligations; therefore, it is important to conduct a study and to find out whether implementation of the principle of sustainable development is ensured with regulation of environmental law of the Republic of Lithuania. It can be stated that if the Republic of Lithuania does not ensure implementation of international agreements and legal acts by means of environmental legal regulation, thus, it violates human rights to healthy and clean environment as well as international law, it does not meet the requirements raised with legal acts of the European Union. In such a case this would become a problem of national legal regulation that has to be solved immediately.
Hypothesis of the work. Legal environmental regulation ensures implementation of the principle of sustainable development in Lithuania.
The entire concept of the principle of sustainable development is presented in the first part as based on scientific literature, legal acts, national and international documents. The origin of the principle, historical process and development, the meaning of the concept and its nature as well as the main message of the idea of the principle and limits of interests are analyzed in the chapter.
Structure of environmental legal system in Lithuania is presented in the second part of the work based on scientific literature. Implementation of the principle of sustainable development in the most important legal acts of general part of environmental law is analyzed based on international documents, scientific literature and court practice.
Significance of the part of special environmental law in environmental legal regulation in Lithuania is briefly introduced in the third part as based on scientific literature. Also, while analyzing, a study has been conducted on whether implementation of the principle of sustainable development in ensured in the main and the most important laws of the special part of environmental law system.
In places, comparison of legal regulation and legal acts with the law of foreign countries, such as Federal Republic of Germany, Kingdom of Denmark or Kingdom of Sweden is made in the second and third parts.
Having performed analysis it was discovered that the principle of sustainable development is ensured only partially in Lithuanian environmental legal regulation. Ambition to ensure the principle of sustainable development is seen in legal acts, with focus to that purpose, however, this is performed out of proportion in respect of components of sustainable development, security of interests is ensured irregularly, disproportionately in legal acts, it lacks system and clarity.
Having performed analysis, these conclusions have been made:
1. The principle of sustainable development is international environmental principle, it is ensured with international agreements, coordinating environmental, economic and social interests, the most advanced countries of the world create their environmental legal system on its basis.
2. The principle of sustainable development is established in general part of environmental legal system only partially, not fully. It is characterized with disproportionate focus given to interests comprising sustainable development – most often social interests suffer. It is also seen that court practice and text of laws turn to the direction opposite to international obligations, public rights as means to implement sustainable development in court practice are treated as symbolic and not binding institutions.
3. The principle of sustainable development is ensured in the special part of environmental legal system only partially, not fully. Observed disproportion, when defending and ensuring implementation of components of sustainable development, proves the conclusion. Not all legal acts contain proportion, most often the biggest focus is given to environmental and economic interests, but social interest is forgotten. By the way, exception is seen in the Law on Land of the Republic of Lithuania, it is seen in the legal act that from linguistic perspective, the principle of sustainable development is ensured proportionately, however, this proportion is missed in laws of Forestry and Environmental Protection of the Republic of Lithuania, however, the assumption can be made that legal acts lack system and mutual coordination.
4. Having compared implementation of sustainable development of foreign countries – Germany, Denmark, Sweden and Lithuania in environmental legal regulation, a reasonable conclusion can be made that the principle of sustainable development is not totally ignored, however, it is not directly and properly ensured and named in legal acts as it is in foreign countries.
Conclusions are provided at the end of the work. There are no appendices of the final work. |
