| Abstract: | Magistro baigiamajame darbe „Ar Šeimos stiprinimo įstatymas nediskriminuoja vienišų motinų ir tėvų, vaikus auginančių nesusituokusių porų bei kitų asmenų, kurie susieti artimais giminystės ryšiais? siekiama atsakyti į visuomenėje diskusiją sukėlusį klausimą. Šį klausimą iškėlė visuomenėje kilusios diskusijos dėl 2017 m. spalio 24 d. priimto Šeimos stiprinimo įstatymo tikslingumo ir jo traktuočių apibrėžiant šeimą. Šis įstatymas sulaukė ir pritarimo, ir kontraversiškų vertinimų bei nuogąstavimų ar jame įtvirtintos nuostatos nepažeis „kitokių“ nei santuokos pagrindu sudarytų ar giminystės ryšiais susietų šeimų teisių. Diskusiją paaštrino Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucinio Teismo (toliau – KT), 2011 m. priimtas nutarimas dėl 2008 m. priimtos Valstybinės šeimos politikos koncepcijos atitikties Konstitucijai. Tikslinga paaiškinti, jog minėtame nutarime, KT paminėjo terminą „kitokios šeimos formos“.
Darbe apibrėžiama diskriminacijos sąvoka, jos pasireiškimo formos. Pateikiama tiesioginės ir netiesioginės diskriminacijos pavyzdžių. Aptariama jurisprudencijos nukreiptos prieš diskriminaciją raida tarptautinėje teisėje. Kalbama apie šeimą kaip seniausią institutą. Apibūdinama šeimos sąvoka, jos kaita ir raida istorijos eigoje, taip pat apibrėžiami šeimos ir valstybės santykiai, paaiškinama šeimos svarba visuomenės ir valstybės išlikimui. Teigiama, kad valstybės pagalba šeimai yra jos pačios išlikimo garantas.
Svarstoma „Ar tie, kurie nepatenka į šeimos turinį yra pagrįstai išskiriami ir laikomi kitokiais“. Išsamiai nustatomi kriterijai kaip Lietuvoje šeimos sąvoką apibrėžia Konstitucija. Aptariama, kaip šeimos santykius reglamentuoja Lietuvos Respublikos civilinis kodeksas
Darbe akcentuojama, kad europietiška šeima kaip socialinis institutas susiformavo istorijos eigoje ir vystėsi krikščioniškos kultūros bei filosofijos įtakoje. Šio paradigmos įtakoje gimė ir buvo plėtojama Senosios Europos ir Naujojo Žemyno teisinė bazė. Kadangi mokslininkų tyrimais ir socialinių studijų išvadomis nustatyta jog šeima palankiausia asmenybės vystymuisi psichosocialinius žmogaus poreikius tenkinanti bendrija – visuomenės ir valstybės išlikimo sąlyga, prioritetą teikiant šeimoms, sudarytoms vyro ir moters laisvu apsisprendimu grindžiama santuoka. Šeimos stiprinimo įstatymo kritikų nuomone, jis prieštarauja Konstitucijai, Europos Žmogaus Teisių Konvencijai. Remiantis Europos teismų praktika ir Venecijos komisijos nutarimu, teigiama, kad vyro ir moters santuokos pagrindu sudarytos šeimos traktavimas yra teisėtas ir nesudaro prielaidų atsirasti diskriminacijai.
The Master‘s final thesis „Does the Law on the Enforcement of the Family Does Not Discriminate Single Mothers, Parents, Unmarried couples that grow children and others that are connected by close family ties?” is aimed at answering a question that was raised by society. This question was raised because of public discussions about the correctness of defining family in the law on the enforcement of families. It has received a lot of support and fears that some provisions are going to violate the rights of “others” than families based on marriage or close family ties. The discussion was strengthened by the decision in 2011 of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania (hereinafter referred to as the Central Committee) on the results of 2008 Conformity of the Conception of the State Family Policy adopted with the Constitution.
The first section of work defines concept of discrimination in the episode form. It provides direct and indirect discrimination examples. This is furthered by a discussion about the jurisprudence direction against discrimination developments in international law. By the examination of the resolution of discrimination and produce positive discrimination, it covers the main principles of its application with positive discrimination examples.
In the second section of the article it is discussed on the family as the oldest institution. Describing the meaning of the family, its changes and development in the course of history, explanation on how different families live at different stages of history, as well as the relationship between family and state. In this section, the family is described as the most important part of human community. Explainable the importance of the family for the survival of society and the state. The chapter deals with the change in the role of family functions and the distribution of its members in responsibilities in changing socio-economic conditions of life. The main focus is given on clarifying what conditions created the prerequisites for the emergence of family policy in the state. State aid to the family is considered to be the guarantor of her own survival. The section discusses the family modelling of welfare states: liberal, conservative, corporate, and social-democratic. It discusses in which countries such types of support are applied, their nature and how it affects the development of relations between the family and the state and influences the life of society. As Lithuania is a post-Soviet country, more attention is paid to the model of social support used in the Soviet Union. It should be emphasized that after the restoration of independence, this model served as the basis for the formation of legal principles of family policy in the Republic of Lithuania.
This part sets out social and demographic problems (decrease in birth rate, the aging of society, emigration) arising from independent Lithuania. As well as some of the challenges faced by Lithuania in creating a family policy legal system. Introducing the strengthening of family law to which is defined in the context of the content of the family law sets out the assumptions, the emergence of its objective and lists the family support principles‘ application. A positive approach to the Society Institute of family formation is made by prioritising of family law strengthening principles. This is furthered by a presentation to the act for a series of measures and policies that create a supportive social life for medium families. Emphasis on the strengthening of the Republic of Lithuania Law on family, the family as a free choice between a man and a woman to adopt a family of moral and legal nature of the duties established in union. Similarly the law establishes the Civil Code of the Republic of Lithuania that governs family connections between close relatives.
Third, the work "Are those who do not fall into the content of the family are reasonably stigmatised and seen as different". Detailed criteria will be laid down as the concept of the family in Lithuania defines the Constitution. It discusses that family relations shall be regulated by the Civil Code of the Republic of Lithuania. Emphasis is on the fact that the concept of the Marriage and Family Code of Conduct are closely linked and complementary. Civil Code and the related legal family acts extend the concept of other people related by blood or by marriage: together living grandparents, brothers, foster children and others. However, it is important to note that the nuclear family are spouses (man and woman) and their children, while others are listed as family members only through blood links related to the spouses. Hereinafter referred to as the working of the ruling of the Constitutional Court Of The Republic Of Lithuania refers to "Other" family interpretation of the term, public evaluations and family and state relations context. Attention is drawn to the fact that before the end of the last century the treatment of the family relationship characters from the legal relations (marriage), or when their members are linked through family ties were not debated. Among young people in Europe there is a tendency for SWB program: members was just cohabitation following. The appearance of the product in question causes a trend: the global world is dictated through cultural conditions and the growing economic instability, liability does not constitute circumvention. This section presents generalized public institutions and public organization opinions on family and its support. It states how the ruling of the Constitutional Court Of The Republic Of Lithuania seems as an analogous legal act adopted in Europe, as well as their legal assessments context. Family life governing the creation of legal base leaves countries with a wide discretionary power and it depends on the country specific economic body and of sociocultural context. |
