| Abstract: | Šiame magistriniame darbe bus analizuojamas klausimas, ar vienarūšių administracinių bylų nagrinėjimas modelinio teismo proceso tvarka užtikrina asmens teisę į tinkamą teismo procesą. Asmens teisė kreiptis į teismą ir ginti savo pažeistas teises bei įstatymų saugomus interesus yra įtvirtinta Europos žmogaus teisių ir pagrindinių laisvių apsaugos konvencijoje, Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucijoje, Jungtinių Tautų Generalinės Asamblėjos priimtoje Visuotinėje žmogaus teisių deklaracijoje ir dar daugelyje kitų tarptautinės bei Lietuvos Respublikos nacionalinės teisės aktų. Tarp Lietuvos Respublikos teisės mokslininkų dar mažai diskutuotinas administracinių bylų teisenoje įtvirtintas modelinis teismo procesas, pasak projekto rengėjų, turėtų užtikrinti administracinio proceso veiksmingumą ir spartumą. Dėl šios priežasties kyla būtinybė ištirti modelinių bylų nagrinėjimo problematiką, visapusiškai išanalizuoti modelinio teismo proceso taikymą bei konstitucinės asmens teisės į tinkamą teismo procesą užtikrinimą.
Pirmame šio darbo skyriuje analizuojamas asmens teisės ginti savo pažeistas teises ar įstatymų saugomus interesus teisme taikymas. Teismų praktikoje ir administracinės teisės aktuose yra numatyta, kad asmeniui ar asmenų grupei siekiant apginti pažeistas teises ar įstatymų saugomus interesus, svarbu yra nustatyti asmens suinteresuotumą ginant materialines teises bei teisėtų interesų pažeidimo faktą.
Antrame skyriuje analizuojamas ir teisinėje doktrinoje neretai vadinamas kaip viena iš administracinio proceso veiksmingumą didinančių priemonių, modelinis teismo procesas yra viena iš naujovių, įtvirtintų Lietuvos Respublikos administracinio proceso teisėje. Darbo antrame skyriuje taip pat analizuojamas modelinio teismo proceso ir grupės skundo tarpusavio ryšys.
Lietuvos Respublikos administracinio proceso teisėje numatyto modelinio teismo proceso naujumas suponuoja ir teisinių spragų atsiradimo tikimybę šį procesą pritaikant praktikoje. Todėl trečiame darbo skyriuje įvairiais aspektais nagrinėjama modelinio teismo proceso problematika bei iš konstitucijos kylančios teisės į tinkamą teismo procesą užtikrinimas administracines bylas nagrinėjant modelinio teismo proceso tvarka.
Šio magistrinio darbo tikslas buvo pasiektas nustačius, kad teisę į tinkamą teismo procesą užtikrina vienarūšių administracinių bylų nagrinėjimas modelinio teismo proceso tvarka. Taip pat pateiktos rekomendacijos dėl modelinio teismo proceso tobulinimo.
The present Master’s Thesis analyses the issue whether the examination of homogeneous administrative cases by means of model legal proceedings ensures the person’s right to a proper legal process. In the event of a dispute among several parties or between a person and a public authority, often one disputing party may think that its legitimate interests are violated or improperly secured, and it is therefore highly important for states to establish such legal regulation that would allow those who consider their rights to be violated apply to court. The right of a person to apply to court and defend his/her infringed rights and statutory interests is established in the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly, and in many other international legal acts and national legislation of the Republic of Lithuania. The person’s right to a proper legal process arises from the constitutional right to apply to court in order to defend the infringed rights or legitimate interests. It is necessary to establish in national legislation such legal regulation that would impose on courts the obligation to seek independence and impartiality. The court must adopt legitimate final judgements in order to respect the person’s right to a proper legal process arising from the Constitution. Often it occurs that state entities of public administration disregard the requirement to make legitimate decisions, which causes harm to private individuals. Analysing the possibility of an individual to apply to administrative court for the unlawfulness of a decision taken by a public administration entity, it is important to note that legal sources indicate the necessary condition for such an application, i. e. the person’s interest. Only an interested person can defend his/her infringed rights or statutory interests. However, courts are flooded with complaints from private individuals concerning decisions adopted by public administration entities which possibly violate the rights of many individuals. In order to optimize the administrative process, the institute of model legal proceedings was established in the law of administrative procedure of the Republic of Lithuania. The model legal proceedings established in administrative procedure have not been much discussed among law professionals of the Republic of Lithuania; however, according to the project developers, it is expected to ensure the efficiency and rapidness of administrative proceedings. For this reason, it is necessary to investigate the issue of model cases, to fully analyse the application of the model legal proceedings and the security of the constitutional right of a person to a proper legal process.
Chapter one of the present paper analyses the exercise of the person’s right to defend his/her infringed rights or statutory interests in court. Article 30 of the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania as well as international legal acts provide that every person who believes that his/her rights or legitimate interests are violated may apply to court and defend his/her infringed rights. It has been established in the case-law and administrative legislation that in order for an individual or a group of individuals to defend the infringed rights or statutory interests it is important to determine the person’s interest in protecting material rights and the fact of violation of legitimate interests. Under these two conditions, individuals who consider that decisions taken by public administration entities violate their rights may apply to administrative court.
The model legal proceedings analysed in chapter two and often referred to in the legal doctrine as one of the means increasing the efficiency of the administrative proceedings is a novelty established in the law of administrative procedure of the Republic of Lithuania. This process may be initiated if there is evidence that at least twenty individual homogeneous administrative cases are examined in one or more administrative courts, which are identical in terms of facts and law and arise from the consequences of the recognition of a normative act contradicting to the Constitution or other laws of the Republic of Lithuania. Chapter two also analyses the interconnectedness of the model legal proceedings and the group complaint. In the scientific sources, the institutes of the group complaint and the model legal proceedings are often associated due to identical goals, which include simpler and more efficient examination of homogeneous administrative cases, the rapidness of the process and the uniformity of the case-law.
The novelty of the model legal proceedings established in the law of administrative procedure of the Republic of Lithuania also implies the possibility of emergence of legal gaps when applying these proceedings in practice. Therefore, Chapter three of this paper examines the issues of the model legal proceedings in various aspects and the security of the constitutional right to a proper legal process when examining administrative cases by means of the model legal proceedings. Not all states have established in their Constitutions the regulation providing the right to appeal the judgement of the court of first instance to the court of at least one instance higher, so called the right of appeal. The right of appeal is derived from the fundamental right to judicial defence established in the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania.
The aim of the present Master’s Thesis was achieved determining that the examination of homogeneous administrative cases by means of the model legal proceedings ensures the right to a proper legal process.
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