| Abstract: | Apmaudu, tačiau smurto tema, vis dar yra aktuali ir neatsiejama nuo mūsų visuomenės. Atsižvelgiant į tai, asmenų apsaugai nuo smurto pasitelkiamos įvairios priemonės. Viena iš jų, tinkamos bei efektyvios teisinės bazės kūrimas. Lietuvoje ilgą laiką nuo smurto nukentėjusius asmenis gynė tik LR Baudžiamasis kodeksas (toliau – LR BK). Visgi, laikui bėgant, buvo suvokta, kad LR BK nėra pajėgus apsaugoti visus asmenis, kurie patiria smurtą artimoje aplinkoje, todėl buvo priimtas LR Apsaugos nuo smurto artimoje aplinkoje įstatymas (toliau – Įstatymas). Šiame Įstatyme smurtas artimoje aplinkoje dėl jo žalos visuomenei priskiriamas prie visuomeninę reikšmę turinčių veikų, o esminis šio Įstatymo tikslas greitai reaguoti į iškilusią grėsmę, imtis prevencijos priemonių, taikyti apsaugos priemones ir teikti tinkamą pagalbą .
Visgi iškyla klausimas - ar teismų praktikoje interpretuojant bei taikant šį Įstatymą nėra nepagrįstai išplečiami LR BK numatyti nusikalstamos veikos sudėties požymiai, kadangi Įstatyme tam tikros sąvokos aiškinamos plečiamai ir taip kartais nepagrįstai taikoma baudžiamoji atsakomybė. Darbe atlikta LR Baudžiamojo kodekso bei apsaugos nuo smurto artimoje aplinkoje įstatymo analizė parodė, kad šio įstatymo išleidimas buvo būtinas ir dėl jame reguliuojamų specifinių santykių – t.y. santykių tarp artimų asmenų. Tačiau išlieka kitos problemos, tokios kaip nepilnas įstatymo reglamentavimas ar lėšų trūkumas paties įstatymo gilesniam pritaikymui mūsų kasdieniniame gyvenime. Šio įstatymo tobulinimui yra reikalingos papildomos programos, mokymai, kurie padėtų visuomenėje pakeisti patį smurtinį elgesį.
Atsižvelgus į darbe atliktas įvairias įstatymų ir papildomų šaltinių analizes, buvo prieita išvada, kad šis Įstatymas veikia ir yra tinkamas, bet, jį pritaikant teismų praktikoje, visgi yra nepagrįstai išplečiami LR baudžiamajame kodekse numatyti nusikalstamos veikos sudėties požymiai ir taip kai kuriais atvejais, deja, yra nepagrįstai taikoma baudžiamoji atsakomybė
It’s a shame, that the violence theme is still the inseparable part from majority of our society. Considering this, the protection of individuals from violence makes use of various instruments. One of them is an appropriate and effective legal base. In Lithuania, for a long time, victims were defended by the Criminal code of the Republic of Lithuania. However, over time, it was realized that the Criminal code is not able to protect all those, who are experiencing domestic violence, that’s why after some thought Lithuania released the law of domestic violence. For the purposes of this Law the violence in the near environment shall be attributed to the public significance of the offenses and the goal of this Law is to respond quickly to threats which have to take precautionary measures, to apply safeguard measures and for adequate support. However, this raises the question of whether the judicial practice in interpreting and applying this Law is not extended to alleged Criminal code of the Republic of Lithuania provide the constituent elements of criminal activity, since certain terms of the Law are interpreted expansively and thereby unduly subject to criminal proceedings.
Work carried out by the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania and protection from violence in the near environment law analysis showed that the release of this law was necessary and because of its specific regulated relations - i.e. close relations between persons. There are however other problems such as incomplete regulation law or lack of funds for deeper fulfillment of the law. The development of this law is necessary for supplementary programs, training, which will help changing violent behavior. In the light of analysis of different legislative and additional sources carried out in this research the conclusion was reached that this law is active and practical, but when adapting in judicial practice constituent elements of criminal offences stipulated in Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania however are being unreasonably extended and in some cases, unfortunately, provide for unreasonable criminal proceedings.
The first part of this thesis identifies types of violence, analysis that were based on domestic violence and violence in the near concept of environment. The research shows that there are four types of domestic violence:
1. Physical violence
2. Sexual violence
3. Psychological violence
4. Economic violence
In each case, these types of violence are different because the criminal offense is individual. Analyzed is close to the environment and violence legal ratio. For the purposes of this paragraph, few different patterns were examined. The first one was Cycle of violence which depicts a pattern often experienced in abusive relationships. The three phases repeat over and over. Domestic violence is a pattern of abuse in an intimate relationship that escalates over time. Another pattern that was examined was Battered woman syndrome. Battered woman syndrome is a mental disorder that develops in victims of domestic violence as a result of serious, long-term abuse. Both of the examined patterns show the situation of abusive criminal and the victim.
The second chapter of this magister thesis consists of legal regulation of violence in the near environment. The second part of this thesis has four chapters that explain, analyze and reveal the concept of this magister.
The first part of the second chapter covers the articles of the criminal code and violence overview. This section summarizes the matters governed by the Criminal Code of the different types of violence, it also analyzes criminal code 140 article which mostly relates to violence in the immediate environment according to the practice.
The second part of the second chapter covers near environment symptom. This chapter explains what basically is near environment symptom, and analyzes its origins and law implementation.
The third part of the second chapter covers protection from violence in the near environment law and the Criminal code of The Republic of Lithuania’s application and implementation. This chapter examines statistics and different implementations of both laws.
The fourth chapter of the second chapter covers acts of violence and criminal process in the near environment protection measures adjustment. This chapter examines acts of violence and criminal process. This chapter consists of protection measures adjustment oriented to both laws that are discussed in this chapter.
In conclusion we can say that protection from violence in the near environment law as a separate law was necessary, especially for regulated specific relations - between relatives. Important novelty in classing violence in the immediate environment at a public significance affecting the offenses provided an opportunity to state legal instruments to respond to the conflicts in families who are dealt with in a civilized way and not violence. Still the problem remains, that protection from violence in the near environment law Widens the Criminal Code of the constituent elements of criminal acts and so in some cases, unfortunately, are unreasonably subject to criminal proceedings. |
