| Abstract: | Sulig kiekvienais metais aplinkos būklė kelia vis didesnį ir didesnį susirūpinimą. Dėl šios priežasties Europos Sąjungoje, o kartu ir Lietuvoje vis labiau skatinami iš atsinaujinančių išteklių, mažiau aplinką teršiantys energijos išgavimo būdai. Atsižvelgiant į tokį skiriamą dėmesį atsinaujinančių energijos gavimo būdų plėtrai bei atsinaujinančių energijos išteklių (toliau AEI) tobulėjimą, šalys neišvengiamai susiduria nuolatine tokių išteklių reglamentavimo kaita. Ypatingas iššūkis kyla valstybėms kurios tik palyginti nesenai susidūrė su AEI reglamentavimu, viena iš jų Lietuva.
Todėl šio darbo tikslas taikant pirminių bei antrinių Lietuvos ir Europos Sąjungos teisės šaltinių ir mokslinės literatūros analizę atskleisti Lietuvos atsinaujinančios energijos šaltinių reglamentavimo atitikimą Europos Sąjungos teisėje. Šiam tikslui pasiekti buvo patikrinti Lietuvoje galiojančių teisės aktų susijusių su atsinaujinančių energijos šaltinių reglamentavimu, atitikimas esamiems Europos Sąjungos reikalavimams, aptartas atsinaujinančių energijos išteklių reglamentavimo sudėtingumas ir nustatyta ar pasirinkta reikiama Lietuvos strategija, siekiant atitikti Europos Sąjungos reikalavimus. Surinkus esamą medžiagą galima prieiti prie kelių išvadų. Visų pirma Lietuvos AEI reglamentavimas neproporcingas su Europos Sąjungos numatytu reglamentavimu. Europos Sąjungos reglamentavimas numato būtinybę atnaujinti teisinę bazę susijusią su AEI. Tačiau kaip matyti iš darbo Lietuvos teisinėje sistemoje yra nemažai, neatitinkančių šių dienų standartų, įstatymų.
Aptariant Lietuvoje esančio atsinaujinančių energijos šaltinių reglamentavimo proceso tvarką, paaiškėjo jog visoje teisinėje sistemoje yra daug barjerų kurie trukdo užtikrinti sklandų bei skaidrų procesą. Didžiausios kliūtys tai atsinaujinančių energijos šaltinių reglamentavimą užtikrinančių valstybinių institucijų gausa, bei perteklinių procedūrų kiekis, kas vėlgi prieštarauja kertiniams Europos Sąjungos numatytiems, sklandaus proceso, strateginiams tikslams.
Taip pat buvo nustatyta, jog Lietuvoje vyrauja teismų praktika, kurioje įsakmiai pasisakoma dėl pagalbinių priemonių mažinimo ar visiško nutraukimo atsinaujinančių energijos šaltinių subsidijavimui. Šis faktas ne tik parodo jog ši sritis taps mažiau ir mažiau patraukli investuotojams, tačiau ir tai, kad nemažėjanti valstybės priklausomybė taip pat neatitinka Europos sąjungos išsikeltų tikslų.
Every year environmental protection is having more and more concern. For this reason European Union and as well as Lithuania‘s government is promoting energy producing from renewable energy sources. It is often thought that renewable energy is only wind and sun power, however geothermal, hydrokinetic energy and biofuel may also be included into the list of renewable energy sources. Accordingly, increasing number of renewable energy sources is requiring for unique regulations of this category of energy produce.
More importantly having concerned that development of renewable energy sources is having more support than ever, member states of European Union are having some kind of disagreements in this context.
To begin with, this type of energy producing is not completely “green“. Depending on a certain energy source and a method of producing energy, pollution of environment and more importantly humans, may be from relatively none to approximately the same or in some cases even higher than producing of a fossil fuel. Therefore there must be arranged proper regulations of this type energy produce.
This implicates severe issues which are very relevant in Lithuania. Regulations of renewable energy sources are not proportional to emissions that are caused by these energy sources. As these methods of energy producing are having more emphasis both in a world and in Lithuania, regulations of these energy producing methods are not entirely developed. Moreover, it must be noted that not even demand of this type of energy, but also rapid advancement of a technology are becoming issues, that affect continuous development of legal regulations. Therefore aim of this groundwork is to reveal how regulations of renewable energy in Lithuania meet regulations of European Union law by applying primal and secondary sources of law. For this matter these objectives were established: To analyse legal regulations of Lithuania which concern renewable energy sources regulations compliance with European Union strategic aims. To evaluate complexity of renewable energy sources regulations and to assess whether strategy of Lithuania is appropriate in order to comply with requirements of European Union.
Systematic analysis of legal regulations and legal publications using comparative methodology revealed tendencies of renewable energy sources regulation both in Lithuania and European Union. Moreover it revealed existing guidance as well as perspectives of legal regulations of renewable energy. After closely reviewing legal publications concerning renewable energy these conclusions were made: To begin with, renewable energy legal regulation in Lithuania does not comply with regulations provided in directives of European Union. European Union directives 2009/28/EB and 2011/92/ES provides a necessity to update laws concerning renewable energy sources. However according to this study there are some laws in Lithuania that does not comply with today‘s legal standards.
Discussing Lithuania in renewable energy sources in the regulatory process procedures showed, that the whole Lithuanian legal system allows certain obstacles and weaknesses that are formed on the requirements of the administrative procedures that govern the construction of power plants using renewable energy sources for energy production. The beginning at the planning procedure is quite complicated. Spatial planning takes a lot of time 1 to 2 years. Document preparation process slows down the project, because of the need to draw up detailed plans that have been made and the information to assess the impact on the environment. It follows that there is a wide variety of institutions governing renewable energy production. Lack of communication and closer cooperation between the authorities and the general agreement on the issue of authorization problems. For existing projects preparation and implementation of the requirements of low-cost power depends on the size. Although the renewable energy law authorization of renewable energy sources, and the development of small power plants are given a simplified procedure, but a larger power plants is necessary. Sanitary area requirements and changing land use small power plants that affect their development. "Coastal wind power equipment is not" legally "regulated, while EU estimates, the coastal power plants up to 25 percent Europe's total renewable potential. Prohibition of construction of a new river dams on environmental and cultural importance, severely limits the hydroelectric use, which again contradicts cornerstone of the European Union intended, smooth process, the strategic objectives set out in Directive 2003/35 / EC, 2009/28 / EC, 2011/92 / EU 2014 / 52 / EU ir2003 / 54 /EC. It was also found, that Lithuania prevailing case law, which insistently advocated for aids reduction or complete cessation of subsidizing renewable energy sources. This fact not only shows that this area will become less and less attractive to investors, but also that the state unabated dependence as well as the European Union does not meet its goals in Directive 2009/28 / EC.
Thus, although the situation with renewable energy sources, and improving regulation to say small farms regulatory simplification, but the overall situation covering all renewable energy extraction methods still do not reach the standards of the European Union provided. |
