| Abstract: | Šiame darbe yra aptariami fizinių bei juridinių asmenų bankroto procesų ypatumai, bankroto administratoriaus vykdomųjų pareigų santykis su kreditoriais bei bankrutuojančiu asmeniu, teisės į privatumą realizavimo kontekste. Neretai bankroto sąvoka mokslininkų yra aiškinama kaip per daug didelių įsipareigojimų turėjimas, kada asmuo neturi galimybės patenkinti visų finansinių įsipareigojimų.
Vienas iš pagrindinių bankroto bylos proceso dalyvių yra fizinių ar juridinių asmenų bankroto administratorius. Jo kompetencijai priklauso kuo didesne apimtimi patenkinti kreditorinius reikalavimus bei tinkamai pasirūpinti bankrutuojančio fizinio ar juridinio asmens teisėtų interesų apsauga. Po bankroto bylos iškėlimo, bankroto administratorius perima visą skolininko turtą bei asmeninius duomenis, jo prerogatyvoje yra bankroto plano įgyvendinimas, jis tampa svarbiausia grandimi, jungiančia skolininko bei kreditorių teisėtų interesų įgyvendinimo politiką. Bankroto administratorius, vykdydamas jam teisiškai priklausančias užduotis, dalyvauja privačiame asmens gyvenime bei jį suvaržo, siekdamas patenkinti kreditorių interesus. Todėl iškyla klausimas ar bankroto proceso metu nėra pažeidžiama teisė į skolininkų privatumą?
Pagrindinis šiame darbe iškeltas tikslas yra išanalizuoti bankroto administratoriaus įgaliojimus tiek fizinių asmenų, tiek juridinių asmenų bankroto procese bei jų santykį su asmens teise į privatumą, privataus gyvenimo neliečiamumą bei konfidencialios informacijos (komercinių ar gamybinių paslapčių) apsaugą.
Šis darbas yra sudarytas iš dviejų pagrindinių dalių bei įvado, išvadų ir rekomendacijų. Pirmojoje darbo dalyje yra analizuojama fizinių asmenų teisę į privataus gyvenimo neliečiamumą, įstatymo nustatytas bankroto administratoriaus teises ir pareigas bei jų kolizija. Antrojoje darbo dalyje yra kalbama apie juridinių asmenų bankroto procese bankroto administratoriui suteiktus įgaliojimus, juridinių asmenų konfidencialios informacijos apsaugą bei kreditorių vaidmenį.
In this paper it is discussed about corporate and personal bankruptcy ant its’ features regarding the executive functions of bankruptcy administrator and his ratio towards creditors and insolvent person himself. Most often the term “Bankruptcy” is interpreted by various authors as the person’s possession of many large-scale commitments, when the person is not able to meet all financial obligations.
The Republic of Lithuania has in force two fully functional bankruptcy codes: one is regulating bankruptcies of legal entities, and the other – governing personal bankruptcies. In both codes it is declared mandatory condition for the opening of bankruptcy case – the state of insolvency, i. e. person’s or entity’s inability to comply with all their financial obligations. The codes provide various rights and duties regarding the bankruptcy administrator, as well as, regulate the role of the creditors and insolvent person’s or entity’s responsibilities.
One of the main roles in bankruptcy process is granted to the natural or legal persons’ bankruptcy administrator. In his competence, bankruptcy administrator has the duty to satisfy creditors’ claims in the widest possible extent, as well as, the obligation to take care of the insolvent natural or legal person's legitimate interests. After the opening of the bankruptcy case, bankruptcy administrator takes over all the debtor's assets and personal information, the prerogative of the bankruptcy plan implementation falls into his hands, bankruptcy administrator becomes the most important link, connecting the debtor’s and the creditors' legitimate interests implementation. Bankruptcy administrator, by performing the tasks, which the law empowers him to do, involves in a person's life and it restricts, in order to meet the interests of creditors. Therefore, automatically rises question whether the bankruptcy process does not violate the right to privacy?
The main objective of this paper is to analyse the powers of bankruptcy administrator in both natural persons’ and legal entities’ bankruptcy proceedings, as well as, their relationship with the civil right to privacy, the right to private life inviolability and sensitive, confidential information’s (commercial or industrial secrets) protection.
The uprising problem is urgent and relevant to both natural persons’ and legal entities’ bankruptcy proceedings. During bankruptcy proceedings bankruptcy administrator is an intermediary between the debtor’s and creditors’ interests, he is entrusted with the delicate duty not only to properly manage debtor's assets, but also handle private information regarding insolvent person or entity. After opening bankruptcy case, debtors are required to provide all necessary information including information which is related to his private life. Therefore, it seems that the right to privacy is only applicable until the opening of bankruptcy case – from that moment forward, the right to privacy is conditional. But the problem is mutual, involving both the debtor and the bankruptcy administrator. First of all, in personal bankruptcy process: Whether every time the debtor gets a gift, he must report it to authorities or maybe bankruptcy administrator has to work as private investigator to ensure such process? Secondly, whether bankruptcy administrator's obligation to take over and implement the debtor's assets, or assets to which the debtor has the right, for example, distribution databases that contain private customer information, in order that it would be satisfied creditors’ claims to the greatest possible extent, does not interfere with right to privacy, i. e. whether there are not violated interests of people who are not involved in the bankruptcy process, but their private, sensitive, personal information is passed to third parties in order to meet creditors’ claims? Hence the relevance of the problem is fundamentally important not only for insolvent person, but also for bankruptcy administrators.
The relevance of this paper is determined by the fact that there two fully functional bankruptcy codes in which bankruptcy administrators are empowered with specific powers, allowing them to manage the insolvent person’s or entity’s private life. Nevertheless, this topic, regarding scientific perspective, is not widely researched. In the world, especially in the United Stated, it is opposite – it is widely discussed. United States has long history with bankruptcy proceedings, which holds the example of how persons or legal entities have to be treated regarding bankruptcy proceedings, how courts have to take in consideration various aspects of person’s life, how information, which bankruptcy administrator takes over after bankruptcy case is opened, should be handled. The problem arises from both natural and legal persons’ bankruptcy proceedings. In the Republic of Lithuania this subject is discussed much more narrowly, however, the trend is getting more relevant every day.
This paper consists of two main parts along with summary, introduction, conclusions and recommendations. The first part of this paper describes individual’s right to privacy, bankruptcy administrator’s rights and duties granted by law, and the conflict between those different rights and duties. The second part is talking about legal entities, their bankruptcy administrator’s powers during bankruptcy process, about legal entities’ right to privacy as in protecting companies’ confidential information and, of course, about the role of creditors during legal entities’ bankruptcy proceedings |
