| Abstract: | Magistro darbe atliekamas tyrimas, kuriuo siekiama nustatyti ar Lietuvos Respublikos Vyriausybės taikomi Covid-19 ribojimai taikyti sveikatos paslaugų srityje neproporcingai suvaržė teisę į gyvybę. Pasirinkta tema yra aktuali, kadangi karantino režimas stipriai riboja piliečių teises, todėl aktualu nustatyti ar taikytos antipandeminės priemonės yra proporcingos bei pagrįstos, ar jas priėmusios institucijos neperžengė savo kompetencijos ribų, galiausiai kadangi stipriai apribotas ir sveikatos paslaugų sektorius, itin svarbu išsiaiškinti ar toks teisinis reguliavimas nepadarė žalos visuomenės sveikatai ir nepažeidė vienos pagrindinių teisių – asmens teisės į gyvybę. Taip pat akcentuotina, jog aktualu nustatyti, ar taikytais apribojimais galimai pažeista asmens teisė į gyvybę bei kokybišką sveikatos paslaugų teikimą leido apsaugoti visuomenę nuo blogesnių padarinių, kurie galėjo kilti, jei Covid – 19 suvaržymai nebūtų buvę taikomi ar jų taikymas būtų mažesnio masto.
Pirmojoje darbo dalyje vertinama Covid – 19 pandemijos reikšmė teisei įgyvybę, aptariami koronaviruso pandemijospagrindiniai teisiniai aspektai, atskleidžiama teisės į gyvybę samprata, Taip pat analizuojama sveikatos paslaugų sąvoka ir turinys.
Antroje darbo dalyje vertinamas Covid – 19 pandemijos metu įvestų ribojimų proporcingumas, pristatomi proporcingumo testo elementai ir jo pritaikymas. Siekiant nustatyti taikytų priemonių proporcingumą, šioje darbo dalyje analizuojama ar pasirinktos taikyti antipandeminės politikos priemonės yra teisėtos. Taip pat tam jog būtų nustatyta ar Lietuvoje įvestais draudimais ir ribojimais pasiektas norimas tikslas, pirmiausia nagrinėjami Covid-19 pandemijos mirčių bei susirgimų statistiniai duomenys Lietuvoje. Šio darbo dalyje taip pat analizuojami užsienio šalių – Švedijos ir Jungtinės karalystės Covid-19 statistiniai duomenys bei minėtų šalių taikyti karantino ribojimai. Vertinami pasiekti rezultatai.
Paskutinėje darbo dalyje nagrinėjamos teisinės pasekmėskylančios dėl neproporcingai taikytų Covid-19 priemonių taikymo sveikatos paslaugų sektoriuje, taip pat pasekmes kylančios dėl teisės į gyvybę pažeidimo.
Įvertinus Covid – 19 ribojimų sveikatos paslaugų srityje taikymo principus proporcingumo testo metodu nustatyta, jog pandemijos valdymo priemonės priimtos teisėtai, laikantis įstatymo reikalavimų, dalinai leido pasiekti norimo tikslo, tačiau šios priemonės buvo per griežtos, t.y, to paties tikslo buvo galima pasiekti kitomis priemonėmis. Be to, nors ribojimais buvo naudingi valdant Covid – 19 plitimą bei mirtingumą nuo jos, tačiau vertinant sukeltas bei galinčias kilti ateityje, neigiamas pasekmes, Covid – 19 ribojimai sveikatos paslaugų srityje sukėlė daugiau žalos nei naudos, buvo taikomi neproporcingai bei suvaržė asmens teisę į gyvybę.
A scientific study is being carried out in the master's work to determine whether the Covid-19 restrictions applied by the Government of the Republic of Lithuania in the field of health services disproportionately restricted the right to life. The chosen topic is relevant because the quarantine regime severely restricts state citizens, therefore it is relevant to determine whether the anti-pandemic measures applied are proportionate and justified, whether the institutions that have adopted them have not exceeded their competence, since the health services sector is severely restricted, it is very important to find out whether such legal regulation has harmed public health and has not violated one of the fundamental rights – the right to life of a person.In order to contain the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic in Lithuania, by Resolution No. 207 of the Government of the Republic of Lithuania of 14 March 2020, a quarantine was introduced in the Territory of the Republic of Lithuania, which limited the movement of residents within and outside the country, the activities of the education, institutions, public and private sectors, as well as imposed restrictions on the organization of the activities of health institutions, etc. Among other things, the order in question prohibited scheduled operations and hospitalizations. Many of the restrictions referred are applied to this daywhich may have allowed to protect the public from worse consequences that could have arisen if covid-19 restrictions had not been applied or applied on a smaller scale. Unfortunately in modern society many freedoms, such as access to various events, medical institutions, sports clubs or even shopping malls, are taken for granted.
The main problem discussed in this work is that the restrictions imposed by the Covid-19 pandemic in the health services sector have potentially disproportionately restricted a person's access to quality health services and violated the right to life. The research of the work problem will assess whether the measures taken were proportionate in the context of the proportionality test, as well as the anti-pandemic policies applied by foreign countries Sweden and the United Kingdom, the assessment of the benefits obtained and/or the harm suffered.
The first part of the work assesses the significance of the consequences of the restrictions that were imposed during Covid-19 pandemic for the right to life, discusses the legal aspects of the corona virus pandemonium, reveals the concept of the right to life, as well as analyzes the concept and content of health services.
The second part of the work assesses the proportionality of the restrictions imposed during the Covid-19 pandemic, presents the elements of the proportionality test and its application. In order to determine the proportionality of the measures taken, this part of the work analyses whether the anti-pandemic policies chosen are legitimate.The method of the proportionality test was chosen to analyzethe work problem, since it is possible that the restrictions and prohibitions on individual freedoms and rights that may have been unlawfully applied, therefore the proportionality test would be applied. Also, in order to establish whether the prohibitions and restrictions imposed in Lithuania have achieved the desired goal, statistics on deaths and illnesses of the Covid-19 pandemic in Lithuania are the first to be analyzed. The second analysisof this section will also analyze Covid-19 statistics from foreign countries such as Sweden and the United Kingdom, as well as quarantine restrictions imposed by these countries. The results achieved shall be evaluated.
The last part of the work examines the legal complications arising from the disproportionate application of Covid-19 measures in the health services sector, as well as the resulting results from the violation of the right to life.
Relevance of the topic.The extensive scientific work in this field has not yet been carried out in Lithuania. In particular,the duration of the territorial analysis of the compliance of non-applicable measures with the proportionality requirements leads to a breach of the right to life by the government. The analysis can only answer whether the measures taken were proportionate. Although it is already possible to find clarifications in case law that certain restrictions and prohibitions must be justified on the basis of elements of the proportionality test, they usually relate to a specific situation in a particular case, and in the area of covid-19 prohibitions and restrictions on possible offences, case law has not yet been developed. Taking account of the fact that the quarantine regime severely restricts the citizens of the state, it is important to determine whether the anti-pandemic measures applied are justified, whether the institutions that have adopted them have not exceeded the limits of their competence, finally, since the health services sector is severely restricted, it is very important to find out whether such legal regulation has harmed public health and did not violate one of the fundamental rights– the right of the person to life. It should also be stressed that it is relevant to determine whether the restrictions imposed may have infringed an individual's right to life and the provision of quality health services, which could have protected the public from the worse consequences that could have arisen if covid-19 restrictions had not been applied or their application would have been less.
Subject of the investigation. In order to establish whether the applied restrictions measures in the field of health services have not disproportionately restricted or violated the right of a person to life, this work will consider in more detail the concepts of the right to life and health services, assess quarantine restrictions and prohibitions of the Government of the Republic of Lithuania and foreign countries using the method of proportionality principle (proportionality test).
The aim of the study is to determine whether the application of covid-19 restrictive measures was justified and proportionate to the objective pursued, whether the same result could have been achieved through more lenient prevention procedures, or whether the measures worked towards the desired result.
In order to achieve the above objective of the study, the following tasks of the work are to be set:
1. To reveal the concepts of the right to life and the right to health services.
2. Determine whether the Covid-19 restrictions applied in Lithuania have been applied proportionally.
3. Analyze the application of Covid-19 restrictions in foreign countries.
4. To analyze the legal consequences of the application of anti-pandemic policies, which may arise due to the application of unreasonably disproportionate measures and violation of the individual's right to life.
Study hypothesis. The Covid-19 restrictions applied by the Government of the Republic of Lithuania in the field of health services disproportionately restricted the right to life.
Working methods.The following methods were used to achieve the objective defined in this work and the objectives set: descriptive, comparative, linguistic and logical analysis methods of legislation, as well as the method of analysis of case law.
Keywords : Covid-19 pandemic , health care, Right to life, disproportionalety |
