Lietuvos gyventojų požiūris į kultūros paveldą: Apytalaukio dvaro atvejis

Pastaruoju laikotarpiu vis daugiau žmonių suvokia kultūros paveldo svarbą ir reikiamybę palikti jį ateitiems kartoms. Įvairūs architektūros paminklai gali būti ne tik puošmena, praeities liudininkai, bet ir puikūs traukos objektai praturtinantys mūsų kraštą. Juose gali būti kuriamos darbo vietos, organizuojamos įvairios pramogos. Visgi kartais atsitinka taip, kad kai kurie jų nėra saugomi, tvarkomi ar prižiūrimi ir to priežastis gali būti kultūros paveldo svarbos nesupratimas, todėl baigiamajame darbe „Lietuvos gyventojų požiūris į kultūros paveldą: Apytalaukio dvaro atvejis“ siekiama išsiaiškinti ar žmonėms šis objektas svarbus. Remiantis teorija bus pagrįsta dvaro svarba, o remiantis atliktų tyrimų rezultatais bus atskleista ar žmonėms rūpi šis paveldo objektas ir ar atsakingų žmonių atsakomybės stoka turi įtakos jo dabartinei blogai būklei. Šio darbo objektas – Lietuvos gyventojų, Kultūros paveldo specialistų bei Kėdainių rajono savivaldybės atstovų požiūris į Apytalaukio dvaro apleidimą, jo situaciją. Išsikeltas darbo tikslas – teoriškai išanalizavus Apytalaukio dvaro istoriją, aplinką, stilius, savininkus, įvykius, atlikti tyrimą leidžiantį atskleisti visuomenės požiūrį į šį objektą. Problema, kad netvarkomi kultūros paveldo objektai nyksta, o ypač sunku sutvarkyti visą pastatą. Apytalaukio dvaras taip pat šiuo metu yra apleistas, nenaudojamas, todėl šio darbo probleminis klausimas: kodėl už Apytalaukio dvarą atsakingi asmenys jo netvarko ateitiems kartoms? Tyrimo metodai – šiame darbe naudojama keletas skirtingo tipo tyrimo metodų. Pirmame skyriuje naudota literatūros šaltinių lyginamoji teorinė analizė ir sintezė. Aptariamos pagrindinės, su paveldu susijusios sąvokos, apsaugos priemonės, paveldo svarba, architektūrinio paveldo padėtis Lietuvoje. Pristatoma Apytalaukio dvaro istorija, vietovė, reikšmingi žmonės ir kitos ypatybės. Taip pat naudota šaltinių teorinė analizė ir sintezė. Jame, remiantis Karolinos Štelmokaitės, Pamiršta.lt svetainės bei „Lietuvos dvarai“ medžiaga, atskleista žmonių požiūris į minimą objektą. Naudotas kiekybinis bei kokybinis tyrimas. Kokybinis tyrimas – interviu – pasirinktas pusiau struktūruotas. Jis atskleidžia Kultūros paveldo atstovės Astos Naureckaitės bei Kėdainių rajono savivaldybės darbuotojų: Tomo Bičiūno ir Karolinos Štelmokaitės požiūrį į Apytalaukio dvarą, naujos informacijos, įdomių įžvalgų. Norint atskleisti pavienių žmonių požiūrį, pasirinktas kiekybinis tyrimas – internetinė apklausa. Išanalizavus ir susisteminus visus apklausos duomenis buvo atskleista, kad pagrindinės priežastys kodėl Apytalaukio dvaras sulaukia mažai dėmesio yra kai kurių žmonių atsakomybės stoka, lėšų trūkumas ir faktas, kad šis objektas nėra privatinis. Profesionalų požiūris į Lietuvos paveldą ir Apytalaukio dvarą yra teigiamas – jie domisi ir ieško būdų kaip pagerinti situaciją, tikisi, kad dvaras bus išsaugotas ir paliktas ateities kartoms. Tai patvirtina kiekybinio tyrimo rezultatai, nes dauguma žmonių teigiamai vertina Apytalaukio dvaro tvarkymą ir tiki, kad valdžia dar bandys jį gelbėti. Be to, apklausti žmonės jaučia gailestį ir apmaudą, kad šis kultūros paveldas yra paliekamas griūti ir nori, kad būtų atrestauruotas ir naudojamas. Visi respondentai tikisi, kad Lietuvos paveldo objektai bus saugomi ir perduoti ateities kartoms, taip užtikrinant šios šalies kultūrinį turizmą ir istorijos paveldą.

SUMMARY Recently, more and more people are realizing the importance of cultural heritage and the need to leave it for future generations. Various architectural monuments can be not only decorations, witnesses of the past, but also great attractions that enrich our region. They can create workplaces and organize various entertainment. However, it sometimes happens that some of them are not protected, managed or maintained and the reason for this may be a misunderstanding of the importance of cultural heritage, therefore the final thesis "Attitude of Lithuanian residents towards cultural heritage: the case of Apytalaukis manor" aims to find out whether this object is important to people. Based on the theory, the importance of the estate will be justified, and based on the results of the research, it will be revealed whether people care about this heritage object and whether the lack of responsibility of the people affects its current bad condition. The problem is that cultural heritage objects disappear if they are not maintained, and it is especially difficult to repair the entire building. Apytalaukis manor is also currently abandoned, unused, so the problematic question of this work is: why don't the people responsible for Apytalaukis manor manage it for future generations? Unmanaged cultural heritage objects disappear, and it is especially difficult to organize the entire building. Apytalaukis manor is also currently abandoned, unused, so the problematic question of this work is: why don't the people responsible for Apytalaukis manor manage it for future generations? Research methods – this work uses several different types of research methods. The first chapter used comparative theoretical analysis and synthesis of literary sources. The main concepts related to heritage, protective measures, the importance of heritage, the situation of architectural heritage in Lithuania are discussed. The history of the Apytalaukis manor, its location, significant people and other features are presented. Theoretical analysis and synthesis of sources were also used. In it, according to Karolina Štelmokaitė, Pamiršta.lt and the material of "Lietuvos dvarai", revealed the attitude of people to the object we are referring to. The second section uses quantitative and qualitative research. Qualitative research – interview – selected semi-structured. It reveals the attitude of the representative of cultural heritage Asta Naureckaitė and the employees of Kėdainiai district municipality: Tomas Bičiūnas and Karolina Štelmokaitė to the Apytalaukis manor, new information and interesting thoughts. In order to reveal the views of individuals, a quantitative survey was chosen – an online survey. After analyzing and systematizing all survey data, it was revealed that the main reasons why Apytalaukis Manor receives little attention are the lack of responsibility of some people, the lack of funds and the fact that this object is not private. Professionals' attitude towards Lithuanian heritage and Apytalaukis manor is positive – they are interested and looking for ways to improve the situation, they hope that the manor will be preserved and left for future generations. This is confirmed by the results of a quantitative survey, as most people positively assess the management of Apytalaukis Manor and believe that the authorities will still try to save it. In addition, the interviewed people feel pity and regret that this cultural heritage is being neglected and want it to be restored and used. All respondents hope that the objects of Lithuanian heritage will be protected and passed on to future generations, thus ensuring the cultural tourism and historical heritage of this country.

Recently, more and more people are realizing the importance of cultural heritage and theneed to leave it for future generations. Various architectural monuments can be not only decorations, witnesses of the past, but also great attractions that enrich our region. They can create workplaces and organize various entertainment. However, it sometimes happens that some of them are notprotected, managed or maintained and the reason for this may be a misunderstanding of the importance of cultural heritage, therefore the final thesis "Attitude of Lithuanian residents towardscultural heritage: the case of Apytalaukis manor" aims to find out whether this object is important to people. Based on the theory, the importance of the estate will be justified, and based on the results of the research, it will be revealed whether people care about this heritage object and whether the lack of responsibility of the people affects its current bad condition. The problem is that cultural heritage objects disappear if they are not maintained, and it is especially difficult to repair the entire building. Apytalaukis manor is also currently abandoned, unused, so the problematic question of this work is: why don't the people responsible for Apytalaukis manor manage it for future generations? Unmanaged cultural heritage objects disappear, and it is especially difficult to organize the entire building. Apytalaukis manor is also currently abandoned, unused, so the problematic question of this work is: why don't the people responsible for Apytalaukis manor manage it for future generations? Research methods – this work uses several different types of research methods. The first chapter used comparative theoretical analysis and synthesis of literary sources. The main concepts related to heritage, protective measures, the importance of heritage, the situation of architectural heritage in Lithuania are discussed. The history of the Apytalaukis manor, its location, significant people and other features are presented. Theoretical analysis and synthesis of sources were also used. In it, according to Karolina Štelmokaitė, Pamiršta.lt and the material of "Lietuvos dvarai", revealed the attitude of people to the object we are referring to. The second section uses quantitative and qualitative research. Qualitative research – interview – selected semi-structured. It reveals the attitude of the representative of cultural heritage Asta Naureckaitė and the employees of Kėdainiai district municipality: Tomas Bičiūnas and Karolina Štelmokaitė to the Apytalaukis manor, new informationand interesting thoughts. In order to reveal the views of individuals, a quantitative survey was chosen – an online survey. After analyzing and systematizing all survey data, it was revealed that the main reasons why Apytalaukis Manor receives little attention are the lack of responsibility of some people, the lack of funds and the fact that this object is not private. Professionals' attitude towards Lithuanian heritage and Apytalaukis manor is positive – they are interested and looking for ways to improve the situation, they hope that the manor will be preserved and left for future generations. This is confirmed by the results of a quantitative survey, as most people positively assess the management of Apytalaukis Manor and believe that the authorities will still try to save it. In addition, the interviewed people feel pity and regret that this cultural heritage is being neglected and want it to be restored and used. All respondents hope that the objects of Lithuanian heritage will be protected and passed on to future generations, thus ensuring the cultural tourism and historical heritage of this country.