Ar yra užtikrinamos fizinių asmenų teisės apribojant civilinį veiksnumą, pasitelkiant pagalbos priimant sprendimus institutą?
Raižytė, Monika |
Magistro baigiamajame darbe yra analizuojama riboto civilinio veiksnumo instituto istorinė raida, poreikis, reikšmė ir turinys, taip pat PPS instituto, kaip naujos papildomos teisinės priemonės istorinė raida, samprata ir turinys bei riboto veiksnumo ir PPS taikymas Lietuvos ir užsienio praktikose, siekiant išsiaiškinti ir palyginti kaip Konvencijos šalys tarp jų ir Lietuva, laikantis iš Konvencijos kylančių įsipareigojimų, užtikrina ir apsaugo ribotai veiksnių asmenų teises bei interesus pasitelkiant PPS. Nauja riboto veiksnumo reforma į kurią jau patenka asmenys su psichikos ir elgesio sutrikimais bei nauju PPS instituto reglamentavimu ir taikymu Lietuvoje siekiama kuo mažiau apriboti asmenų su negalia teises, taip pastaruosius išlaikant visaverčiais ir lygiaverčiais teisinių santykių dalyviais. Dėl to yra labai svarbu, kad tinkamas šių institutų reglamentavimas ir taikymas apsaugotų ribotai veiksnius asmenis nuo galimų jų teisių pažeidimų, kurie pakenktų esamai asmens reputacijai, sveikatai, socializacijai ar net gyvenimo kūrimui. Magistro baigiamojo darbo problema yra susijusi su naujo susiformavusio mechanizmo PPS instituto taikymu ribotai veiksniems asmenims ar šis mechanizmas iš tiesų padeda ribotai veiksniems asmenims tapti visaverčiais ir lygiaverčiais teisinių santykių dalyviais lygiai kaip ir kiti visuomenės nariai padedant pastariesiems įgyvendinti savo teises ir interesus per Lietuvoje įtvirtintą PPS institutą, kuris šiai dienai mažai taikomas. Darbo tikslas - išanalizavus civilinio veiksnumo apribojimo tam tikroje srityje instituto turinį bei paskirtį teisės sistemoje, jo santykį su PPS institutu nustatyti ar Lietuvoje užtikrinamos ribotai veiksnių asmenų teisės. Darbo metodai: aprašomasis metodas, lyginamasis metodas, loginis metodas, sisteminis metodas. Darbo struktūra – magistro baigiamąjį darbą sudaro trys dalys, pirmoji, antroji ir trečioji dalys yra suskirstytos į poskyrius. Pirmoje dalyje analizuojama riboto civilinio veiksnumo bei PPS instituto istorinė raida. Antroje dalyje nagrinėjamas riboto civilinio veiksnumo bei PPS instituto teisinis reguliavimas Lietuvoje. Trečioje dalyje analizuojamas riboto civilinio veiksnumo bei PPS instituto taikymas Lietuvos ir užsienio praktikose.
The Master's thesis analyses the historical development, the need, the significance and the content of the institute of limited civil capacity, as well as the historical development, the concept and the content of the institute of decision support service (DSS) as a new supplementary legal instrument, and the application of limited capacity and DSS in the practices of Lithuania and abroad, in order to clarify and compare how the States Parties to the Convention, amongst others, including Lithuania, in accordance with their obligations under the Convention, ensure and protect the rights and interests of persons of limited capacity with the aid of DSS. The new reform of limited capacity, which already includes persons with mental and behavioural disorders, and the new regulation and application of the DSS in Lithuania, aims to limit the rights of persons with disabilities as little as possible, thus maintaining them as full and equal participants in legal relations. It is therefore essential that the proper regulation and application of these institutes protect persons with reduced capacity from possible infringements of their rights, which would harm their existing reputation, health, socialization or even building a life. As a result, the analysis of the historical development of limited legal capacity and the DSS Institute in the first part of this work aims not only to examine how the evolving societal perspective on persons with disabilities changed in international and national law but also to demonstrate the changes in the social attitude and legal regulation of the institutions under examination, on the basis of which persons with disabilities are now recognized as fully-fledged legal subjects. However, prior to this, a brief analysis of the concept of disability is presented at the beginning of the first chapter. In the second part of this work, a new legislative reform is analyzed, which prompted a new regulation of civil capacity limitation in Lithuania. Therefore, this section not only provides an analysis of the institute of limited legal capacity but also highlights the essential changes to this institute. In seeking an optimal balance between ensuring public safety and creating a support system that does not infringe upon human rights for persons with mental disabilities, in implementing the requirements of the Convention in Lithuania, along with the reform of limited legal capacity, this legal instrument emerged as the DSS Institute. The analysis of this institute will reveal the effectiveness of this mechanism in ensuring the rights and freedoms of persons with limited capacities by providing them with the opportunity to access assistance. In the third part of this work, based on the laws of Lithuania and other countries, as well as judicial practice, the application of limited legal capacity and DSS institutes in Lithuanian and foreign practices will be analyzed to assess the effectiveness and benefits of the mutual application of these special mechanisms for persons with limited capacities, or even possible shortcomings of these institutes, thus aiming to improve the proper functioning of these institutes in reducing the restrictions on the rights of this group of persons in the future. The problem of the master's thesis is related to the application of the newly formed institute of DSS‘ mechanism to persons with limited abilities, and if this mechanism really helps persons with limited abilities to become full and equal participants in legal relations just like other members of society by helping the latter to realize their rights and interests through the institute of DSS established in Lithuania, which has little application in the current day. The aim of the thesis is, by analyzing the content and purpose of the institute of limitation of civil capacity in a certain field in the legal system and its relationship with the institute of DSS, to determine whether the rights of persons with limited capacity in Lithuania are guaranteed. Research methodology: descriptive method, comparative method, logical method, systematic method. Structure of the thesis - The Master's thesis is divided into three parts, the first, second and third parts are divided into sub-sections. The first part analyses the historical development of both the limited civil capacity and the DSS. The second part analyses the legal regulation of both the limited civil capacity and the DSS in Lithuania. The third part analyses the application of both the limited civil capacity and DSS in Lithuanian and foreign practices.