Ar skyriumi gyvenantys tėvai gali susitarimu nustatyti lankstesnį vaiko išlaikymo ir bendravimo tvarkos teisinį režimą, nei jis gali būti nustatomas teismo sprendimu?
Urnikytė, Vita |
Magistro baigiamajame darbe keliamas klausimas, ar skyriumi gyvenantys tėvai, gali susitarimu nustatyti lankstesnį vaiko išlaikymo ir bendravimo tvarkos teisinį režimą, nei jis gali būti nustatomas teismo sprendimu? Vaiko išlaikymo ir bendravimo tvarkos nustatymas yra viena jautriausių šeimos teisės sričių, kurioje siekiama užtikrinti geriausių vaiko interesų principo ir tėvų teisių, bei pareigų pusiausvyrą. Tėvų pareiga, geranoriškai tarpusavyje bendradarbiauti, vykdant teismo priimtą sprendimą, kadangi priverstinis teismo sprendimo vykdymas sukelia papildomus neigiamus išgyvenimus vaikui, todėl pastaraisiais metais vis dažniau akcentuojamas – taikus ginčų sprendimas ir tėvų susitarimų skatinimas. Magistro baigiamojo darbo problema, tai jog teismas gali savo iniciatyva parinkti tokią išlaikymo formą, kuri geriausiai atitinka vaiko interesus ir gali nepaisyti šalių pateiktų reikalavimų. Nustatytos sąlygos, ne visada atspindi, realiai susiklosčiusias aplinkybes, dėl to, tampa sudėtinga vykdyti teismo sprendimu nustatytą išlaikymo prievolę. Magistro darbe keliamas klausimas, ar šalys gali susitarimu nustatyti lankstesnę vaiko išlaikymo formą ir bendravimo tvarką, sudarydamos susitarimus. Darbo tikslas – nustatyti, ar skyriumi gyvenantys tėvai gali susitarimu nustatyti lankstesnį vaiko išlaikymo ir bendravimo tvarkos teisinį režimą, nei jis gali būti nustatomas teismo sprendimu? Darbo metodai: analizės metodas, lyginamasis metodas, loginis metodas, sisteminis metodas. Darbo struktūra – magistro baigiamąjį darbą sudaro trys dalys, pirmoji, antroji ir trečioji dalys yra suskirstytos į poskyrius. Pirmoje dalyje yra analizuojami teisiniai vaiko išlaikymo ir bendravimo tvarkos teisiniai pagrindai. Antroje dalyje nagrinėjamas teismo vaidmuo sprendžiant vaiko išlaikymo ir bendravimo tvarkos klausimus. Trečioje dalyje analizuojami taikūs susitarimai, dėl vaiko išlaikymo ir bendravimo tvarkos. Susitarimų nustatymas ir įgyvendinimas.
The master's thesis raises the question of whether parents living separately can establish a more flexible legal regime for child support and contact arrangements by agreement, than can be established by a court decision? The establishment of child support and contact arrangement is one of the most sensitive areas of family law, which aims to ensure a balance between the principle of the best interests of the child and the rights and obligations of parents. The duty of parents to cooperate with each other in good faith in implementing the decision made by the court, since the forced implementation of the court decision, causes additional negative experiences for the child, therefore, in recent years, the peaceful resolution of disputes and the promotion of parental agreements, have been increasingly emphasized. The problem of the master's thesis is that the court can, on its own initiative, select a form of maintenance that meets the best interests of the child and can ignore the demands submitted by the parties. The established conditions do not always reflect the actual circumstances, which makes it difficult to fulfill the maintenance obligation established by the court decision. The master's thesis raises the question of whether the parties can establish a more flexible form of child maintenance and communication procedures, by concluding agreements. The aim of the work is to determine whether parents living separately can establish a more flexible legal regime for child support and contact arrangements by agreement, than can be established by a court decision? Thesis has five major purposes: 1. to reveal the primacy of the principle of protecting the rights and interests of children; 2. to reveal the procedure for forms of child support established by a court decision; 3. to identify and analyze the principles of forced enforcement of maintenance; 4. to analyze, whether a peaceful agreement can establish a more flexible procedure for child support and communication; 5. to compare forms of maintenance established under the court decision regime and the peaceful agreement regime. Four primary methods were employed in this study: analytical method, comparative method, logical method and systematic method to investigate forms, of maintenance established by court decision and by amicable settlement. These methods were applied depending on the specific research tasks. The thesis is composed of three chapters. The first, second and third parts are divided into subsections. The first part of the thesis analyzes the legal foundations of the child support and contact procedure. The second part examines the role of the court in resolving issues of child support and contact procedure. The third part of the thesis illustrates amicable agreements regarding the child support and contact procedure. Establishment and implementation of agreements. It was concluded that the court approving a settlement agreement, concluded by the parties on maintenance, may approve such forms of maintenance that could not be established by a court decision, without the will of the parties. The parties may choose a form of maintenance in kind and agree on – upbringing, care, provision of the child with food or accommodation in their home, physical development, training and education. It is important that such an agreement be concluded taking into account the best interests of the child, ensuring the real feasibility of the conditions, and the possibility of ensuring forced execution. Non-compliance with the communication procedure usually arises due to interference, non-compliance with the rules, and non-cooperation by one of the parents. Non-compliance manifests itself in direct interference, which is the use of power contrary to the interests of the child, intimidation, or the instillation of false information about one of the parents, encouraging reluctance to communicate with him, because of which the goals sought by the court decision, are not realistically achieved. Both by court decision and by agreement of the parties for non-compliance with a court order, or a settlement agreement, measures may be established to ensure the implementation of these regimes. Sanctions may be applied, such as: a fine, the establishment of exclusive custody, the restriction of parental authority, and criminal liability, may also arise. Penalties for non-compliance with a court decision or order establishing the procedure for communication between a separated father or mother and the child may be applied to both parents – both the one with whom the child lives and the father, or mother who lives separately. Flexibility is not only the content of the agreements reached, but also the process of reaching an agreement. During negotiations, mediation, or other alternative dispute resolutions, parties can reach better agreements, and such agreements are more likely to be enforced, than court decisions.