Būsimų specialistų rengimo dirbti su vaikais, turinčiais vaisiaus alkoholinio spektro sutrikimų, analizė
| Author | Affiliation |
|---|---|
Gipiškienė, Aistė | |
| Date | Volume | Issue | Start Page | End Page |
|---|---|---|---|---|
2025 | 64 | 2 | 175 | 195 |
Vaiko teisių konvencija įpareigoja valstybes dalyves sudaryti sąlygas kiekvienam vaikui sveikai vystytis bei paruošti jį savarankiškam gyvenimui. Vaisiaus alkoholinio spektro sutrikimai (toliau – FASD, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders) – dažniausias, tačiau rečiausiai diagnozuojamas iš visų raidos sutrikimų ir atsirandantis dėl alkoholio vartojimo nėštumo metu. Net ir nedidelė alkoholio dozė nėštumo metu gali lemti FASD. alkoholio vartojimas perinataliniu laikotarpiu įvairiapusiškai veikia fizinę, emocinę ir socialinę vaiko raidą. Ankstyva diagnozė ir specializuota intervencija pagerina vaikų su FASD ilgalaikes prognozes, o laiku neatliepti FASD poreikiai lemia antrinių rizikų išsivystymą – nutrauktą mokslą, priklausomybes, nusikalstamumą, psichikos sutrikimus ir kt., taip pat reikalauja didelių visuomenės išlaidų. Todėl ryškėja FASD prevencijos ir intervencijos aktualumas, siekiant užtikrinti kiekvieno vaiko teisę į sveiką vystymąsi (tiek iki gimimo, tiek po jo) ir tolesnę gyvenimo gerovę. Šio tyrimo tikslas – ištirti, kaip būsimi švietimo, sveikatos, socialinių ir teisės srities specialistai yra rengiami FASD prevencijai ir darbui su vaikais ir paaugliais, turinčiais FASD.
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is the most common but least diagnosed developmental disorder, which can be completely prevented by abstaining from alcohol. Early diagnosis and specialized intervention improve the long-term outcomes for individuals with FASD. Unaddressed FASD needs lead to the development of secondary risks: disrupted education, dependencies, criminality, mental disorders, etc., and generate high costs. Therefore, the relevance of FASD prevention and intervention is becoming increasingly apparent in order to ensure every child’s right to healthy development and future well-being. This study aims to investigate how prospective specialists in the fields of education, health, social services, and law are being prepared for FASD prevention and for working with children and adolescents with FASD. The results of the study revealed that the majority of lectures at higher education and vocational schools (more than half of those teaching pedagogy and social welfare, half of those teaching law, and slightly less than half of those teaching healthcare) are familiar with the topic of FASD. However, only a small proportion (one-tenth or two-tenths) confirmed that this topic is included in their study programs. It is noteworthy that despite the limited inclusion of FASD in the programs, representatives of all fields of study unanimously rated the teaching of this topic as very important or important. It is becoming clear that the factors hindering the integration of FASD knowledge into study programs are the lack of cross-sectoral cooperation, specialists knowledgeable about FASD, and a lack of literature on this topic in Lithuania. The topic of FASD has been studied to a limited extent in the Lithuanian context, so it would be appropriate to develop further research in the following directions: (1) analysis of the (non-) study of FASD in the Lithuanian research field; (2) research into the knowledge and competence of specialists working with children/adolescents in order to assess their knowledge of FASD symptoms, challenges, and support measures; (3) research on FASD awareness in Society to determine the public’s knowledge of the effects of alcohol consumption on the developing fetus and the challenges faced by children with FASD.