Grupės ir aplinkos / Groups and Environments 2012, nr. 3

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  • Publication
    Pulsuojantis Londono skvotų grupiškumas : Lietuvių atvejis
    [“Pulsatting” squat groups in London: Lithuanian squatters]
    research article
    Abazoriūtė, Kamilė
    Grupės ir aplinkos : tarpdisciplininis mokslo darbų leidinys = Groups and environments : interdisciplinary research studies. Kaunas : Vytauto Didžiojo universiteto leidykla, 2012, nr. 3, p. 7-41
    This paper examines squatting phenomenon and informal squat groups in nowadays society. The Ministry of Justice in Great Britain is declaring that in these days Eastern European immigrants squats are settled in about a half of London city area. It is also known that majority of these squatters are from Poland and Lithuania. This article presents reasons why individuals prefer to leave Lithuania and to live in London’s squats. Also, this article focuses on analysis of informal squat groups in London. The empirical data for this research was collected in November 2011, in London squats. Relevance and novelty of this subject is related to the microanalysis of squat groups’ formation and development under the influence of contextual environments. The way of self-organisation, living and acting in the informal squat group, as well as the impact of external environment on the group were the main subjects in this research. The research defines dual environments, encouraging the Lithuanians to leave Lithuania and to squat: “pushing away”, related with the unfavourable socioeconomical conditions in Lithuania and “attracting”, related with the attraction of culture and/or social networks. The research also revealed that development of informal squat groups is related to the process of dynamic cyclic development replicated and “pulsating” in time.
      133  60
  • Publication
    Aktyvumo būsenos skinhedų subkultūroje
    [Activity in skinhead subculture]
    research article
    Kavolis, Tadas
    Grupės ir aplinkos : tarpdisciplininis mokslo darbų leidinys = Groups and environments : interdisciplinary research studies. Kaunas : Vytauto Didžiojo universiteto leidykla, 2012, nr. 3, p. 151-171
    On the basis of field studies which were performed during 2004-2010, the author in his article compares skinhead groups with respect to their activity. Three states of activity have been identified and defined by group members’ activity and the internal structure of the group. In the first – the inactive, or “hibernation” – state, the skinheads do not act as a group and have no common activity, although there are individuals with the identity of this subculture in the area. In the second – the active (“party”) – state, the group mostly limits its activity to spontaneous or retaliatory actions and spending free time together. In the third – the highly active (“extremist”) – state, the group acquires signs if an organization engages in planned actions alongside the spontaneous ones, and becomes more closed with respect to other groups. The research was aimed at determining what factors conditioned the transition from one state of activity to the other. A combination of the concepts of the systems theory and ethnographic description was applied to identify internal and external environments, interaction between group members, and the effect of this interaction on the activity of the group.
      252  43
  • Publication
    Meilės istorijos lietuvių paauglių ir jaunimo folklore
    [Love stories in Lithuanian adolescent and youth folklore]
    research article
    Skabeikytė-Kazlauskienė, Gražina
    Grupės ir aplinkos : tarpdisciplininis mokslo darbų leidinys = Groups and environments : interdisciplinary research studies. Kaunas : Vytauto Didžiojo universiteto leidykla, 2012, nr. 3, p. 73-91
    Love stories thriving among teenagers and youth came to Lithuania through translations from the Russian language in the second half of the 20th century. Even though love stories underwent changes because of new ways of spread, they have survived through to the present day. This article analyses three kinds of love stories: manuscript, internet-written and internet-video stories. Manuscript stories existed as an esoteric girls’ literature; internet-written stories became available for readers of both genders, however, it is females who dominate as authors; and video stories are created and commented by young people of both genders. In this article, the dominating narrative patterns are singled out, the strategy of narration and the changes in writing practices are discussed, and the most typical features of style are highlighted. The in depth analysis of love stories’ inner structure reveals the actualization of the archetype of initiation and the role of death and love torment in the process of transformation.
      159  52
  • Publication
    Reabilitacinės Pilnų namų bendruomenės procesai : gydymo modelio, besigydančio asmens ir bendruomenės santykis
    [Full House community rehabilitation processes: the relationship between the treatment model, the treated individual and community]
    research article
    Mačiulaitienė, Sigita
    Grupės ir aplinkos : tarpdisciplininis mokslo darbų leidinys = Groups and environments : interdisciplinary research studies. Kaunas : Vytauto Didžiojo universiteto leidykla, 2012, nr. 3, p. 173-215
    This study analyzes the relationship between the treatment model used in the Alcoholics Anonymous Association AA rehabilitation center, the addicts and community. The study describes what the likely results would be of the interaction between the addict and the treatment model. It is noted, that the reasons for “miscommunications” between the treatment model and the treated individual could be linked to the inadequacies in the treatment model and the individual afflicted with addiction as well as difficulties related to the adaptation process in the rehabilitation community. The objective of the study is to determine why a large percentage of people stop their treatment in the rehab prematurely and what influences their decision. The study tries to answer the questions, to what degree does the decision to stay in treatment depend on the interactions between the system (individual) being researched and the surrounding environment, and to what degree is the decision influenced by the nature of the illness and character of the individual. The article contains an empirical study of a “Pilnų namų bendruomenė” (Full house community), its treatment model and the people being treated there. The study is performed using a qualitative research method. The study revealed, that by following the rules described in the treatment model an individual who is being treated facilitates the treatment process and provides hope for future successful development of the illness of addiction. Successful adaptation in the Full house community directly correlates to the ability of an individual to adapt to the treatment model used in the rehabilitation center. After overcoming the difficulties of the adaptation period and having conformed to the order of the community suggested by the treatment model, other problems, related to the changed and adapted state, emerge.
      372  63
  • Publication
    Krikščioniškos tematikos humoras internetiniame forume „army777.lt“
    [Christian humour in the internet forum “army777.lt”]
    research article
    Grigonytė, Kristina
    Grupės ir aplinkos : tarpdisciplininis mokslo darbų leidinys = Groups and environments : interdisciplinary research studies. Kaunas : Vytauto Didžiojo universiteto leidykla, 2012, nr. 3, p. 93-113
    The object of this article is the internet forum “army777.lt” and Christian textual and visual anecdotes that can be found in this forum. The aim of this paper is to introduce the folklore of the internet forum “army777.lt” and to reveal social and cultural contexts. Members of different subcultures belong to this virtual community. Despite the fact that the same values unite these people, they have different sense of humour. That is why some anecdotes seem to be funny for some visitors of the forum; to other visitors it seems to be sacrilegious. Irony, black humour and disregard of authority are popular. It was revealed that textual anecdotes usually take into consideration a caste of clergy. Meanwhile, the most part of visual anecdotes tells about the main figure of Christianity, Jesus Christ. Textual and visual anecdotes do not digress from ordinary life. It is common to transfer the scenes from the Bible to the modern world or rationalize the sacramental issues. The basic attributes of digital space in the internet forum “army777.lt” are sustained: oral writing, vast variety of visual interjection, frequent usage of English and intercultural expressions.
      500  85
  • Publication
    Making sense of punk subcultures in the neoliberal United States
    [Bebandant suprasti pankų subkultūras neoliberaliose Jungtinėse Valstijose]
    research article
    Stramskas, Arnoldas
    Grupės ir aplinkos : tarpdisciplininis mokslo darbų leidinys = Groups and environments : interdisciplinary research studies. Kaunas : Vytauto Didžiojo universiteto leidykla, 2012, nr. 3, p. 115-129
    The punk phenomenon has been both widely praised and criticized. For some, it has been the ultimate expression of youthful anger and rebellion, especially in the 1980s when the United States was once again returning to a white heteronormative value system and mass consumerism. For others, it is evidence of a postmodern condition where any rebellion is systematically appropriated and pacified through the consumer market. Punk subculture(s) have also been widely criticized both for their inability to live up to self-proclaimed ideals of egalitarianism and for their failure to break away from the social norms structuring larger society. In this paper, I take the rise of hardcore punk subcultures in the early 1980s and the diversification of punk, such as Riot Grrrl and Queercore, in the 1990s as a broad historical framework, while analyzing punk discourses throughout punk history in the US. In providing a broader overview of debates in various disciplines this paper aims to address some of the concerns over issues of the “holy family” of social sciences in the US, namely those of gender/sexuality, race, and class, while situating them within a historico-political context. It also discusses the theoretical considerations of subcultural and popular culture studies by analyzing primary and secondary materials within and about punk subcultures. It is common to assume that subculture, by its very nature, implies exclusivity: who is excluded and why may vary, but exclusions remain prevalent. However, in the neoliberal and identity politics era, these exclusions became more subtle even if more frequently addressed. [...]
      328  62
  • Publication
    Grįžtamoji migracija : protų susigrąžinimas ir prisitaikymo galimybės Lietuvoje
    [Return migration: brain gain and possibilities of adaptation in Lithuania]
    research article
    Garbenčiūtė, Lina
    Grupės ir aplinkos : tarpdisciplininis mokslo darbų leidinys = Groups and environments : interdisciplinary research studies. Kaunas : Vytauto Didžiojo universiteto leidykla, 2012, nr. 3, p. 43-72
    The article analyzes return migration to Lithuania, the returnees’ possibilities of adaptation, and their motivations to remain in the country. The aim is to reveal and evaluate person’s motivation to return and possibilities of adaptation. The object of this work is persons who have returned to Lithuania after living a substantial amount of time abroad, who are trying to use their accumulated experience in their homeland. The article analysis is based on original empirical research on the adaptation processes of returnees to Lithuania, employing the half-structured interview method. Dynamic systems access was used organizing the questionnaire and analysis of the data which offers to structure the data into the environment–status–expression variables and find their interactions. The research was carried out in 2011-2012 by interviewing 8 respondents. Analysis of the data focuses on the mental state of persons who have decided to return and the environmental factors influencing them. There are many different reasons why it is difficult for returnees to integrate in their home countries: it may be deficient knowledge of the language, cultural differences, social alienation, or discrimination. The study reveals the main reasons determining the decision to return to live in Lithuania and discusses factors which help or hinder the returnees to successfully establish themselves and use their accumulated human capital in their homeland. Rapidly changing society in Lithuania, possibility of a better quality of life, including the ability to work an intellectual work, accessible social services, cultural life and nature led to the return. Especially important is the environment of the family, and other relatives living in Lithuania. Decision to return mainly was based on importance of social contacts. These relationships have a greater effect on return than economic reasons. [...]
      228  98
  • Publication
    Etninių simbolių raiška ir reikšmės jaunimo subkultūrinėse grupėse
    [Ethnic symbols and meanings in youth subcultural groups]
    research article
    Kalėdienė, Agnė
    Grupės ir aplinkos : tarpdisciplininis mokslo darbų leidinys = Groups and environments : interdisciplinary research studies. Kaunas : Vytauto Didžiojo universiteto leidykla, 2012, nr. 3, p. 131-150
    Researchers of Lithuanian youth culture often notice tendencies for cultural groups’ interest in ethnic culture. This tendency is often expressed with learning history and culture of their ancestors and their lifestyle, not only pagan religion. They are reviving not only religion, but also music, arts, crafts. The growing numbers of reconstruction clubs, rise of popularity of folklore in various groups and emergence of subcultural pagan metal groups show the importance of ancient worldviews to young people. This article, using comparative analysis of symbolic expression of members of metal and skinhead subcultures and pagan and folklore groups, aims to show values and identity features that are usual to members of these groups. When interacting in the same cultural spaces (youth festivals, celebrations etc.), these groups create broader cultural field, which generates common cultural meanings and associates cultural identity with ethnic culture, expressed in modern forms. This cultural field consists of metal and skinhead subcultures, folk musicians, craftsmen, reconstruction clubs, religious pagan communities and others. Despite the differences of groups in this cultural field, they are united by pagan worldviews and usage of the same symbols. Most common of them are brass jewelry, Baltic symbols: grass snakes, spiral, swastika and others. These symbols are a cultural code, which unites various groups and reveals their search for modern ethnocultural identity.
      364  80