Organizaciju vadyba: sisteminiai tyrimai Nr. 20

The paper analyses practical application of the process approach while implementing quality management systems. The following implementation steps of process approach are presented: the identification of processes and interrelationships between them, the establishment of factors of good process performance, the process analysis, the determination of methods of process measurement and monitoring and the process performance description.

Algirdas ASTRAUSKAS
UNDERSTANDING OF LOCAL SELF - GOVERNMENT, COMMUNITY AND LOCAL AUTHORITY

The aim of this article is to present and explain the meaning of the main terminology used in the theory of local self-government. The author of the article explains that one term may not be mono-semantic - it may have several meanings. However, the author does not regard such situation as normal. On the contrary, in the opinion of the author, it demonstrates different approaches to the same phenomenon or implies that different aspects of the same phenomenon are taken into account. In order to avoid confusion and misunderstanding, which is quite frequent in Lithuania, it is instrumental to identify in all cases the main terminology of the theory of local self-government. The author of the article also presents and explains his understanding of community (savivaldybė), local self-government (vietos savivalda), local authority (savivaldybės valdžia), and decentralized system of public government (decentralizuota visuomenės valdymo sistema).

Christina BAPTISTA, Laimona ŠLIBURYTĖ
EVENT MARKETING AS A PROMOTIONAL TOOL

The aim of this article is to provide a better understanding of how event marketing is used as a promotional tool. Our research explores, describes and tries to explain the objectives with event marketing, how specific events are selected, how the event effectiveness is evaluated, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of using event marketing. Our findings showed that the main objectives stated with event marketing are related to affecting the image and achieving awareness. Regarding the selection of specific events companies take several criteria into consideration and the more experience they have in event marketing, the more criteria are considered. The evaluation of event marketing effectiveness is rather difficult and it is conducted mainly through marketing research.

Antanas BURAČAS
THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN EFFECTIVE EXCHANGE RATE
AND MACROECONOMIC STRUCTURE: CASE OF LITHUANIA

The paper is devoted to the evaluation of currency pegging impact (1st article) and econometric modeling of LTL exchange rate influence (2nd article) to current macroeconomic indicators in Lithuania as one of small open Baltic economies with special accent on the monetary policy transmission channels under the
currency board regime in the pre-accession to the EU. The identification of the character and the intensity of the interrelations between the changes in both euro and LTL flows, on the one side, and forecast of some interconnected macroeconomic variables, on the other side, was attempted to develop through EER mechanism.

Fabijonas Saulius BUTKUS, Arnoldina PABEDINSKAITĖ, Laima ŠEČKUTĖ
ROLE OF MATHEMATICS IN MANAGEMENT

The article analyses the possibility of using instruments developed by mathematical sciences in organization's product sales, operations and other management activities with the aim to consider about the needs of mathematical knowledge in the education process of future managers

Remigijus ČIEGIS
THE PRINCIPLES OF THE SOCIALLY AND ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT

The article deals with some theoretical aspects of the identification and implemantation of the sustainable economic development management concepts in the society's development strategies. The main requirements for sustainable economic development management system were formulated using the theoretical approach. The problems facing its implementation process are also analysed in the article. The author presents the integrated view to the sustainable economic development management, as it corresponds with critical management factors of modern business. It has been proven, that these factors are very actual in the Eastern and Central European countries.

Saulius GRIGARAVIČIUS
RESTRUCTURING OF INSOLVENT ENTERPRICES AND ALTERNATIVE CHOICE

For the time being, insolvency problems of indebted enterprises come out in Lithuania's economy. Financial difficulties of indebted enterprises, related to the failure of repayment of debts to their creditors, influence negatively the financial stability of these creditors as well as other market participants (suppliers, customers, etc.). Insolvency problems of indebted enterprises have to be resolved, taking into consideration interests of other market participants, society and state. This article deals with indication of insolvency problems of indebted enterprises and rating aspects of predicting potential bankruptcy of troubled enterprises. The author summarizes some criteria, which has to be considered in order to ensure the continuation of the activity of indebted, but still potentially viable, enterprises.

Rasa KANAPICKIENĖ
PREVENTION OF POSSIBLE ABUSE OF CASH OPERATIONS

Money, which is the most liquid asset of a company, often becomes the object of plunderers, and the cash documents become the object of falsifications. Nevertheless, companies often insufficiently focus on the control of cash in hand. Thus, this paper deals with the preventive measures of possible abuse during the cash operations. Firstly, the issues related to the formation of accounting policy are analysed. Further, the paper covers the preventive measures during the cash receipt and payment operations. Finally, the procedure of submitting the cashier's account to the accounts department and its inspection are discussed.

Jonas KVEDARAVIČIUS, Diana LODIENĖ
ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES AND SUCCESS OF ORGANIZATIONS

This article deals with the problem of environmental influence on organizations. The success and existence of a company depends upon the reaction of an organization to the environmental changes, how it succeeds to overcome the inertness of organization. Knowledge, thinking and understandings of a general manager add a lot to the success of an organization.
Business will be perspective and will have the advantages, if various technical, managerial or other benefits of nowadays measures is used, and if a company is cooperating with scientists and consultants. Then the achievements of science are instilled into production, and the general manager is operating with useful information.
On the background of few samples of successful and unsuccessful activities of several companies there is presented the methodological point of view to the reaction of environmental changes as well as methodological recommendations based on the cognition of management theories and consultation practise.

Inga MAKSVYTIENĖ
ECONOMIC COMPETITIVENESS: METHODOLOGICAL ASPECT

The article, following the analysis of the competition phenomenon and economy practice, performed by scientists of various countries, critically evaluates various interpretations of economic competitiveness and reveals the place and role of this phenomenon in the market competitiveness mechanism system. Under the conditions of present economy, new features appear in the competitiveness phenomenon that changes the concept of competitiveness.

Albinas MARČINSKAS, Agnė ŠIKŠNELYTĖ
STRATEGIES FOR INCREASING JOB SATISFACTION OF THE EPMLOYEES

The article attempts to critically appraise the theories explaining job satisfaction, elucidates how business organization employees appraise their own job and different factors that are decisive to job satisfaction, elucidates the future tendency and suggests general scheme for improving job satisfaction.

Andrius PIKČIŪNAS
CORPORATE COMMUNICATION AND CORPORATE IMAGE MANAGEMENT IN LITHUANIAN COMPANIES

This article aims to describe the main issues and experience of corporate image management in Lithuanian companies in order to identify the premises, difficulties and objectives for methodical approach to corporate communication in Lithuania. The research is based on Sheet - Abratt model.

Violeta PUKELIENĖ, Sandra VIDAUSKAITĖ
EVALUATION OF COMPETITION CHANGES IN LITHUANIAN BANKING SYSTEM UNDER CONDITIONS OF INTEGRATION TO EUROPEAN UNION

Article aims to survey specific aspects of competition and its changes in banking, paying attention to its peculiarities, as well as to analyse the structure of banking markets, maximization of total welfare under the conditions of imperfect competition. The impact of global processes on banking environment is surveyed. There are analysed and evaluated the competition changes in the Lithuanian banking system during the period of 1989 to 2000. Taking into account the establishment, development and crashes of individual Lithuanian commercial banks and considering the political, economical and social environment of respective period, there are determined changes of financial markets and the stages of competition changes.

Giedrius RŪŠKYS
PECULIARITIES OF RISK PARAMETERS ASSESSMENT IN LITHUANIAN FINANCIAL MARKET

This article deals with the problems of calculating the required rate of return for investments in the Lithuanian stock market and shows how these problems can be solved. The author analyses in detail the estimation of three risk parameters - risk free rate, risk premium and coefficient beta - using Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM).

Giedrė SLATKEVIČIENĖ
PRINCIPLES OF THE PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT IMPLEMENTING THE CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT AT AN ORGANISATION

The paper presents the requirements of advanced performance measurement systems and methodological principles of formation of the integrated performance measurement system, that assures continuous quality improvement as competitive advantage

Matas TAMONIS, Vaclovas KVESELIS, Olgina TUTLYTĖ
INFLUENCE OF PRICE REGULATION TO THE EFFICIENCY OF DISTRICT HEATING COMPANIES

Though Lithuania's economics is pacing fast towards the market development, the state's regulation and control of prices is still powerful in the energy sector. This concerns particularly electricity, gas and the district heating sectors.
The regulation of energy price in Lithuania is performed by the principle of recognizing justified costs and by the control of the profit rate. Applying the above mentioned regulation principle, the district heating companies are enlarging their debts and losing their financial viability, which is partly restored by the growth of the heat tariff. The growth of debts becomes the main barrier for the renovation of the existing infrastructure, new technologies and renewable energy resources. Unbalanced prices for the energy resources lead to non-optimum solutions in the decentralization of heat and hot water supply and this impends the fall of widely developed district heating systems.
This paper presents the quantitative assessment of the above-mentioned processes.

Asta VALACKIENĖ
STRESSES EXPERIENCED BY WOMEN IN WORKPLACE: THEIR IDENTIFICATION FROM PERSPECTIVE OF SOCIAL NETWORKS AND PERSONAL SELF-REALIZATION

This paper analyzes interaction between social-work relations and social processes in labor market. The author presents the modern work sociology model of successful work organization (Hachman, Oldham, 1994). There are also discussed stress forms, associated with information society. Stress sources in women's professional career are identified according to the programs of European Commission "Stress Prevention in the Workplace".
This paper presents the results of the work research "Professional Career of Women of Different Generations: Evolution of Status and Attitude in Lithuania". The paper also determines how women of different generations describe the main causes of stress and stressors in the women's workplace. With this research the author seeks to identify the relationship between social networks and personal self-realization.

VDU IST.2004